try/catch/finally وthrow والأخطاء المخصصة

مقدمة إلى معالجة الأخطاء

أساسيات try/catch

// try/catch around risky code
try {
  const data = JSON.parse("{\"name\":\"Ayla\"}");
  console.log("Parsed:", data.name);
} catch (e) {
  // e.message is short and useful on mobile
  console.log("Failed to parse:", e.message);
}

أساسيات throw

// Throw when inputs are invalid
function doubleNumber(n) {
  if (typeof n !== "number") {
    throw new Error("Number required");
  }
  return n * 2;
}

try {
  console.log(doubleNumber(4));
  console.log(doubleNumber("4")); // will throw
} catch (e) {
  console.log("Error:", e.message);
}

استخدام finally للتنظيف

// finally runs after try/catch — great for cleanup
let opened = false;

try {
  opened = true;
  console.log("Opened:", opened);
  // Force an error to see finally still run
  JSON.parse("{ bad }");
} catch (e) {
  console.log("Caught:", e.message);
} finally {
  opened = false;
  console.log("Closed:", opened);
}

خطأ مخصص (مقدمة مبسطة)

// Make a small custom error
class InputError extends Error {
  constructor(message) {
    super(message);
    this.name = "InputError";
  }
}

function positive(n) {
  if (typeof n !== "number") {
    throw new InputError("Number required");
  }
  if (n <= 0) {
    throw new InputError("Must be positive");
  }
  return n;
}

try {
  console.log("OK:", positive(3));
  console.log("Fail:", positive(0));
} catch (e) {
  if (e instanceof InputError) {
    console.log("Input problem:", e.message);
  } else {
    // Unknown error: rethrow or log differently
    console.log("Unexpected:", e.message);
  }
}

نصائح وقائمة تحقق

اختبار finally

مراجعة