الأحداث: النشر والاشتراك، والكلمة المفتاحية event

نظرة عامة على الأحداث

الاستخدام الأساسي للأحداث

using System;

public class Button
{
  public event EventHandler Click;

  public void SimulateClick()
  {
    // Safe raise: copy then invoke if not null (C# 6-safe)
    EventHandler h = Click;
    if (h != null) h(this, EventArgs.Empty);
  }
}

public class Program
{
  static void OnClick(object sender, EventArgs e)
  {
    Console.WriteLine("Clicked!");
  }

  public static void Main(string[] args)
  {
    Button b = new Button();
    b.Click += OnClick;    // subscribe
    b.SimulateClick();     // prints "Clicked!"

    b.Click -= OnClick;    // unsubscribe
    b.SimulateClick();     // no output
  }
}

حدث مع بيانات

using System;

// Data for the event
public sealed class PriceChangedEventArgs : EventArgs
{
  public decimal OldPrice { get; private set; }
  public decimal NewPrice { get; private set; }
  public PriceChangedEventArgs(decimal oldP, decimal newP)
  {
    OldPrice = oldP; NewPrice = newP;
  }
}

public sealed class Product
{
  private decimal _price;
  public event EventHandler<PriceChangedEventArgs> PriceChanged;

  public decimal Price
  {
    get { return _price; }
    set
    {
      if (value != _price)
      {
        decimal old = _price;
        _price = value;
        EventHandler<PriceChangedEventArgs> h = PriceChanged;
        if (h != null) h(this, new PriceChangedEventArgs(old, _price));
      }
    }
  }
}

public class Program
{
  public static void Main(string[] args)
  {
    Product p = new Product();
    p.PriceChanged += delegate(object s, PriceChangedEventArgs e)
    {
      Console.WriteLine("Price: " + e.OldPrice + " -> " + e.NewPrice);
    };
    p.Price = 10m;
    p.Price = 12m;
  }
}

تعدد الإرسال وتعبيرات lambda

using System;

public class Alarm
{
  public event EventHandler Ring;

  public void Trigger()
  {
    EventHandler h = Ring;
    if (h != null) h(this, EventArgs.Empty);
  }
}

public class Program
{
  static void HandlerA(object s, EventArgs e) { Console.WriteLine("A"); }
  static void HandlerB(object s, EventArgs e) { Console.WriteLine("B"); }

  public static void Main(string[] args)
  {
    Alarm a = new Alarm();
    a.Ring += HandlerA;                           // named
    a.Ring += delegate(object s, EventArgs e) { Console.WriteLine("lambda"); }; // anon
    a.Ring += HandlerB;

    a.Trigger(); // prints A, lambda, B (multicast order)
  }
}

نمط إطلاق OnX

using System;

public class Ticker
{
  public event EventHandler Tick;

  protected virtual void OnTick()
  {
    EventHandler h = Tick;          // copy to local
    if (h != null) h(this, EventArgs.Empty);
  }

  public void RunOnce()
  {
    // do work...
    OnTick(); // raise via protected method
  }
}

public class Program
{
  static void Show(object s, EventArgs e) { Console.WriteLine("Tick!"); }

  public static void Main(string[] args)
  {
    Ticker t = new Ticker();
    t.Tick += Show;
    t.RunOnce();
  }
}

نصائح الأحداث ومحاذيرها

دور الكلمة الأساسية event

مراجعة