JWT: Structure, Creation, and Verification
Manually decode JWT structure, create signed tokens with a secret, and verify claims without frameworks.
What Is a JWT?
JSON Web Token (JWT) is a compact, URL-safe token format for transmitting claims between parties. A JWT is signed (and optionally encrypted). It is self-contained — no database lookup needed to verify claims.
JWT Structure: Header.Payload.Signature
A JWT has three Base64URL-encoded parts separated by dots: header.payload.signature. The header specifies the algorithm. The payload contains claims. The signature verifies integrity.
// Example JWT:
// eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9 <- header
// .eyJzdWIiOiIxMjM0NTY3ODkwIiwibmFtZSI6IkFsaWNlIn0 <- payload
// .SflKxwRJSMeKKF2QT4fwpMeJf36POk6yJV_adQssw5c <- signatureAll lessons in this course
- Cryptographic Hashing with MessageDigest
- AES Symmetric Encryption
- HMAC-SHA256 for Message Integrity
- JWT: Structure, Creation, and Verification