مديرو السياق والمكرّرات غير المتزامنين

عبارة async with

import asyncio

class AsyncFile:
    async def __aenter__(self):
        print("open")
        return self
    async def __aexit__(self, *args):
        print("close")

async def main():
    async with AsyncFile() as f:
        print("using")

asyncio.run(main())

__aenter__ و __aexit__

import asyncio

class DBSession:
    async def __aenter__(self):
        self.conn = await async_connect()
        return self.conn

    async def __aexit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
        if exc_type:
            await self.conn.rollback()
        else:
            await self.conn.commit()
        await self.conn.close()
        return False

@asynccontextmanager

from contextlib import asynccontextmanager
import asyncio

@asynccontextmanager
async def managed_resource():
    print("acquire")
    try:
        yield {"status": "ready"}
    finally:
        print("release")

async def main():
    async with managed_resource() as r:
        print(r["status"])

asyncio.run(main())

عبارة async for

import asyncio

class AsyncCounter:
    def __init__(self, n): self.n, self.i = n, 0
    def __aiter__(self): return self
    async def __anext__(self):
        if self.i >= self.n: raise StopAsyncIteration
        await asyncio.sleep(0)
        self.i += 1
        return self.i

async def main():
    async for val in AsyncCounter(3):
        print(val)

asyncio.run(main())

المولّدات غير المتزامنة

import asyncio

async def ticker(n):
    for i in range(n):
        await asyncio.sleep(1)
        yield i

async def main():
    async for val in ticker(3):
        print(val)   # 0, 1, 2 with 1-s pauses

asyncio.run(main())

aiofiles لإدخال وإخراج الملفات بشكل غير متزامن

# pip install aiofiles
import aiofiles, asyncio

async def main():
    async with aiofiles.open("data.txt", "r") as f:
        async for line in f:
            print(line.strip())

جلسة aiohttp للعميل

# pip install aiohttp
import aiohttp, asyncio

async def fetch(url):
    async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session:
        async with session.get(url) as resp:
            return await resp.json()

asyncio.run(fetch("https://api.example.com/data"))

مديرو سياق غير متزامنين متعددون

import asyncio

async def main():
    async with (
        open_db() as db,
        open_cache() as cache,
    ):
        data = await db.fetch("SELECT 1")
        await cache.set("key", data)

AsyncExitStack

from contextlib import AsyncExitStack
import asyncio

async def main():
    async with AsyncExitStack() as stack:
        conn1 = await stack.enter_async_context(connect("db1"))
        conn2 = await stack.enter_async_context(connect("db2"))
        await process(conn1, conn2)

اختبار التعليمات البرمجية غير المتزامنة باستخدام pytest-asyncio

# pip install pytest-asyncio
import pytest, asyncio

async def fetch(): return 42

@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_fetch():
    result = await fetch()
    assert result == 42

ملخص بروتوكول المكرّر غير المتزامن

import asyncio

async def gen():
    yield 1
    yield 2

async def main():
    g = gen()
    print(await g.__anext__())   # 1
    print(await g.__anext__())   # 2

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