await والمهام والتجميع

await مقارنةً بالتنفيذ التسلسلي

import asyncio

async def main():
    # Sequential — total ~3 s
    await asyncio.sleep(2)
    await asyncio.sleep(1)

    # Concurrent using gather — total ~2 s
    await asyncio.gather(asyncio.sleep(2), asyncio.sleep(1))

asyncio.create_task()

import asyncio

async def work(n):
    await asyncio.sleep(n)
    return n

async def main():
    t1 = asyncio.create_task(work(2))
    t2 = asyncio.create_task(work(1))
    r1 = await t1
    r2 = await t2
    print(r1, r2)   # 2 1 (total ~2 s)

asyncio.run(main())

asyncio.gather()

import asyncio

async def fetch(i):
    await asyncio.sleep(1)
    return f"data-{i}"

async def main():
    results = await asyncio.gather(fetch(1), fetch(2), fetch(3))
    print(results)  # ["data-1", "data-2", "data-3"] in ~1 s

asyncio.run(main())

gather مع return_exceptions

import asyncio

async def risky(n):
    if n == 2: raise ValueError("bad")
    return n

async def main():
    results = await asyncio.gather(
        risky(1), risky(2), risky(3),
        return_exceptions=True
    )
    print(results)   # [1, ValueError("bad"), 3]

asyncio.wait()

import asyncio

async def slow(): await asyncio.sleep(3); return "slow"
async def fast(): await asyncio.sleep(1); return "fast"

async def main():
    tasks = {asyncio.create_task(slow()), asyncio.create_task(fast())}
    done, pending = await asyncio.wait(tasks, return_when=asyncio.FIRST_COMPLETED)
    for t in pending: t.cancel()

إلغاء المهام

import asyncio

async def long_job():
    try:
        await asyncio.sleep(100)
    except asyncio.CancelledError:
        print("Cancelled!")
        raise   # re-raise is required

async def main():
    t = asyncio.create_task(long_job())
    await asyncio.sleep(1)
    t.cancel()
    await t

asyncio.timeout() — Python 3.11+

import asyncio

async def main():
    try:
        async with asyncio.timeout(2):
            await asyncio.sleep(10)   # too slow
    except TimeoutError:
        print("Timed out!")

asyncio.wait_for()

import asyncio

async def slow(): await asyncio.sleep(5)

async def main():
    try:
        await asyncio.wait_for(slow(), timeout=2)
    except asyncio.TimeoutError:
        print("Timed out")

أسماء المهام وفحصها

import asyncio

async def worker(): await asyncio.sleep(1)

async def main():
    t = asyncio.create_task(worker(), name="worker-1")
    print(t.get_name())   # worker-1
    await t

TaskGroup — Python 3.11+

import asyncio

async def main():
    async with asyncio.TaskGroup() as tg:
        t1 = tg.create_task(asyncio.sleep(1))
        t2 = tg.create_task(asyncio.sleep(2))
    # all tasks done here

Semaphore لتحديد معدل التنفيذ

import asyncio

sem = asyncio.Semaphore(5)  # max 5 concurrent

async def limited_fetch(url):
    async with sem:
        await fetch(url)   # at most 5 at a time

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