دلالات التقييم الكسول

التنفيذ المؤجل

لا يُنفَّذ شيء حتى تُعدِّد النتيجة

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

public class Program
{
    static IEnumerable<int> Numbers()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("-- iterator body started --");
        yield return 1;
        yield return 2;
    }

    public static void Main()
    {
        var seq = Numbers();
        Console.WriteLine("query created, body not run yet");
        foreach (var n in seq) Console.WriteLine(n);
    }
}

تُنتَج القيم واحدة تلو الأخرى

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

public class Program
{
    static IEnumerable<int> Trace()
    {
        for (int i = 1; i <= 3; i++)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("producing " + i);
            yield return i;
        }
    }

    public static void Main()
    {
        foreach (var n in Trace())
            Console.WriteLine("consumed " + n);
    }
}

إعادة التعداد تعيد التنفيذ

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

public class Program
{
    static int _calls = 0;
    static IEnumerable<int> Counter()
    {
        _calls++;
        yield return _calls;
    }

    public static void Main()
    {
        var seq = Counter();
        foreach (var n in seq) Console.WriteLine(n);
        foreach (var n in seq) Console.WriteLine(n);
        Console.WriteLine("total runs: " + _calls);
    }
}

قراءة الحالة الحالية

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

public class Program
{
    public static void Main()
    {
        var list = new List<int> { 1, 2 };
        IEnumerable<int> doubled = Double(list);
        list.Add(3); // added before enumeration
        foreach (var n in doubled) Console.WriteLine(n);
    }

    static IEnumerable<int> Double(IEnumerable<int> nums)
    {
        foreach (var n in nums) yield return n * 2;
    }
}

فرض التنفيذ الفوري

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;

public class Program
{
    public static void Main()
    {
        var list = new List<int> { 1, 2 };
        List<int> snapshot = Double(list).ToList(); // executed now
        list.Add(99);
        Console.WriteLine(string.Join(",", snapshot));
    }

    static IEnumerable<int> Double(IEnumerable<int> nums)
    {
        foreach (var n in nums) yield return n * 2;
    }
}

التوقّف المبكر يوفر الجهد

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;

public class Program
{
    static IEnumerable<int> Numbers()
    {
        for (int i = 1; ; i++)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("checking " + i);
            yield return i;
        }
    }

    public static void Main()
    {
        int firstBig = Numbers().First(n => n > 3);
        Console.WriteLine("found " + firstBig);
    }
}

الاستثناءات المؤجلة

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

public class Program
{
    static IEnumerable<int> Risky(int divisor)
    {
        yield return 10 / divisor; // throws only during enumeration
    }

    public static void Main()
    {
        var seq = Risky(0);
        Console.WriteLine("no error yet");
        try { foreach (var n in seq) Console.WriteLine(n); }
        catch (DivideByZeroException) { Console.WriteLine("caught during enumeration"); }
    }
}

تركيب خطوط المعالجة الكسولة بكلفة منخفضة

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;

public class Program
{
    public static void Main()
    {
        var result = Enumerable.Range(1, 1000000)
            .Where(n => n % 2 == 0)
            .Select(n => n * n)
            .Take(3);
        foreach (var n in result) Console.WriteLine(n);
    }
}

متى تثبّت النتائج

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;

public class Program
{
    public static void Main()
    {
        var evens = Enumerable.Range(1, 10).Where(n => n % 2 == 0).ToList();
        // Safe to enumerate many times now
        Console.WriteLine("count: " + evens.Count);
        Console.WriteLine("sum: " + evens.Sum());
    }
}

جرّب بنفسك

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;

public class Program
{
    public static void Main()
    {
        var source = new List<int> { 1, 2, 3 };
        var query = source.Where(n => n > 1); // not executed yet
        source.Add(10);
        source.Remove(2);
        // Executes now, reflecting all changes
        Console.WriteLine(string.Join(", ", query));
    }
}

تحقق سريع

مراجعة