通过环境变量传递配置
将模型路径和密钥信息排除在镜像之外
通过环境变量传递配置 是 CoddyKit 上的免费 MLOps Academy 课时。 这是第 3 节课，共 4 节。 你可以在下方免费阅读本课时的完整内容 — 然后在浏览器中使用内置代码编辑器和全天候 AI 导师进行实践。 这是 MLOps Academy 学习路径的一部分，你的进度在网页和 CoddyKit 应用中同步。 MLOps Academy 课程共包含 4 节课。
本课时的部分内容尚未翻译，以英文显示。
Do Not Bake Config In
Hardcoding a model path or API key bakes it into the image forever. Pass them as environment variables at run time instead.
Read Env in Python
Use os.getenv to read a variable, with a sensible default. Your code then bends to each environment without edits.
import os
model_path = os.getenv("MODEL_PATH", "/models/latest.pkl")Defaults Inside the Image
The Dockerfile ENV instruction sets a baked-in default. It is handy for non-secret config that rarely changes.
ENV MODEL_PATH=/models/latest.pklOverride at Run Time
Override any value with -e on docker run. The same image then serves staging or production with different settings.
docker run -e MODEL_PATH=/models/v2.pkl model-apiGroup Vars in a File
Keep many variables tidy in a file and load it with --env-file. Your run command stays short and readable.
docker run --env-file prod.env model-apiNever Commit Secrets
Keep secret files out of Git and out of the image. Add your .env to .gitignore and .dockerignore so they never leak.
Secrets Belong Outside
Real secrets like database passwords should come from a vault or your platform secret manager, injected at run time only.
Validate on Startup
Check required variables when the app boots and fail loudly if one is missing. A clear crash beats a silent wrong prediction.
if not os.getenv("MODEL_PATH"):
raise RuntimeError("MODEL_PATH is required")Twelve-Factor Config
The twelve-factor rule says store config in the environment. It keeps one image portable across every deployment target.
Pydantic Settings
Tools like pydantic-settings read env vars into a typed config object, validating types and defaults in one clean place.
from pydantic_settings import BaseSettingsOne Image, Many Envs
The payoff: build once and run that exact image in dev, staging, and prod, changing only the variables you inject.
Quick Check
Let us check where config should live.
Recap
You read config with os.getenv, set defaults via ENV, overrode with -e and --env-file, and kept secrets out. One portable image. ✅
常见问题解答
「通过环境变量传递配置」课时是免费的吗？
是的 — 「通过环境变量传递配置」的完整文本可在网页上免费阅读。要进行交互式练习（内置代码编辑器和全天候 AI 导师）并解锁 MLOps Academy 课程的其余内容，请升级到 CoddyKit PRO。 MLOps Academy 课程共包含 4 节课。
「通过环境变量传递配置」这节课中我会学到什么？
将模型路径和密钥信息排除在镜像之外 你通过在浏览器中直接运行的动手代码来练习 MLOps Academy，全天候 AI 导师会在你学习这节课的过程中回答你的问题。
学习 MLOps Academy 需要有经验吗？
无需任何先前经验。CoddyKit 上的 MLOps Academy 课程适合初学者到高级学习者，你可以从这里开始或从头开始，按照自己的节奏学习。 这是第 3 节课，共 4 节。
「通过环境变量传递配置」课时需要多长时间？
大多数 CoddyKit 课程大约需要 5–10 分钟。每节课都很精短且互动，所以你能稳步进步，并在网页和应用中从离开的地方继续。
我能在这节 MLOps Academy 课中编写并运行代码吗？
能。每节 MLOps Academy 课都包含内置代码编辑器，你可以在浏览器中直接编写并运行真实代码，并获得即时 AI 反馈 — 无需本地设置。