Yanıt Modelleri ve Durum Kodları

API Responses: The Basics

Why Use Response Models?

Defining a Simple Response Model

from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()

class Product(BaseModel):
    name: str
    price: float
    is_available: bool = True

@app.get("/products/single", response_model=Product)
def get_single_product():
    return {"name": "Coffee Mug", "price": 9.99, "is_available": True}

# To run: uvicorn main:app --reload

Returning Lists with Response Models

from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel
from typing import List

app = FastAPI()

class Book(BaseModel):
    title: str
    author: str

@app.get("/books", response_model=List[Book])
def get_all_books():
    return [
        {"title": "The Hobbit", "author": "J.R.R. Tolkien"},
        {"title": "1984", "author": "George Orwell"}
    ]

# To run: uvicorn main:app --reload

Understanding HTTP Status Codes

FastAPI's Default Status Codes

Setting Custom Success Codes (201)

from fastapi import FastAPI, status
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()

class NewItem(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: str | None = None

@app.post("/items", status_code=status.HTTP_201_CREATED)
def create_item(item: NewItem):
    # Imagine saving 'item' to a database here
    return {"message": "Item created successfully", "item": item}

# To run: uvicorn main:app --reload

Handling Errors with HTTPException (404)

from fastapi import FastAPI, HTTPException, status

app = FastAPI()

fake_items_db = {"foo": {"name": "Foo"}, "bar": {"name": "Bar"}}

@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
def read_item(item_id: str):
    if item_id not in fake_items_db:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND, detail="Item not found")
    return fake_items_db[item_id]

# To run: uvicorn main:app --reload

Combining Models & Status Codes

from fastapi import FastAPI, status
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()

class UserOut(BaseModel):
    id: int
    username: str

@app.put("/users/{user_id}", response_model=UserOut, status_code=status.HTTP_200_OK)
def update_user(user_id: int, new_username: str):
    # Imagine updating user in DB
    if user_id == 1:
        return {"id": user_id, "username": new_username}
    return {"id": user_id, "username": "default_user"}

# To run: uvicorn main:app --reload

Quick Check: Status Codes

Recap: Clear Responses