itertools: ตัววนซ้ำแบบไม่สิ้นสุดและมีขอบเขต

itertools คืออะไร

import itertools

# count: infinite counter
for i in itertools.islice(itertools.count(10, 2), 5):
    print(i, end=" ")  # 10 12 14 16 18

count()

import itertools

for n in itertools.count(1, 10):
    if n > 40:
        break
    print(n, end=" ")  # 1 11 21 31 41

cycle()

import itertools

colors = itertools.cycle(["red","green","blue"])
for _ in range(7):
    print(next(colors), end=" ")
# red green blue red green blue red

repeat()

import itertools
print(list(itertools.repeat(42, 4)))   # [42, 42, 42, 42]
print(list(map(pow, range(5), itertools.repeat(2))))
# [0, 1, 4, 9, 16]

islice()

import itertools

result = list(itertools.islice(range(100), 2, 10, 2))
print(result)  # [2, 4, 6, 8]

chain()

import itertools

result = list(itertools.chain([1,2], [3,4], [5]))
print(result)  # [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

# chain.from_iterable for a list of iterables:
nested = [[1,2],[3,4]]
print(list(itertools.chain.from_iterable(nested)))

zip_longest()

import itertools

a = [1, 2, 3]
b = ["a", "b"]
print(list(itertools.zip_longest(a, b, fillvalue=0)))
# [(1, "a"), (2, "b"), (3, 0)]

dropwhile() และ takewhile()

import itertools

nums = [1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9]
print(list(itertools.takewhile(lambda x: x % 2, nums)))
# [1, 3, 5]

print(list(itertools.dropwhile(lambda x: x % 2, nums)))
# [6, 7, 9]

filterfalse()

import itertools

evens = list(itertools.filterfalse(lambda x: x%2, range(10)))
print(evens)  # [0, 2, 4, 6, 8]

starmap()

import itertools, operator

pairs = [(2,3),(4,5),(1,10)]
result = list(itertools.starmap(operator.mul, pairs))
print(result)  # [6, 20, 10]

groupby()

import itertools

data = sorted([("a",1),("b",2),("a",3)], key=lambda x:x[0])
for key, group in itertools.groupby(data, key=lambda x:x[0]):
    print(key, list(group))

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