การกำหนดโมเดล

โมเดลจับคู่กับตาราง

from sqlalchemy.orm import DeclarativeBase
class Base(DeclarativeBase):
    pass
print('Base class ready')

__tablename__

from sqlalchemy.orm import DeclarativeBase, Mapped, mapped_column
class Base(DeclarativeBase):
    pass
class User(Base):
    __tablename__ = 'users'
    id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(primary_key=True)
print(User.__tablename__)

คอลัมน์ด้วย Mapped

from sqlalchemy.orm import DeclarativeBase, Mapped, mapped_column
class Base(DeclarativeBase):
    pass
class User(Base):
    __tablename__ = 'users'
    id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(primary_key=True)
    name: Mapped[str]
    age: Mapped[int]
print('User has id, name, age')

คีย์หลัก

from sqlalchemy.orm import DeclarativeBase, Mapped, mapped_column
class Base(DeclarativeBase):
    pass
class Product(Base):
    __tablename__ = 'products'
    id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(primary_key=True)
    title: Mapped[str]
print('id is the primary key')

คอลัมน์ที่ไม่บังคับ

from typing import Optional
from sqlalchemy.orm import DeclarativeBase, Mapped, mapped_column
class Base(DeclarativeBase):
    pass
class User(Base):
    __tablename__ = 'users'
    id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(primary_key=True)
    nickname: Mapped[Optional[str]]
print('nickname can be NULL')

ค่าเริ่มต้นและความไม่ซ้ำกัน

from sqlalchemy.orm import DeclarativeBase, Mapped, mapped_column
class Base(DeclarativeBase):
    pass
class User(Base):
    __tablename__ = 'users'
    id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(primary_key=True)
    email: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(unique=True)
    active: Mapped[bool] = mapped_column(default=True)
print('email is unique, active defaults to True')

ความยาวสตริง

from sqlalchemy import String
from sqlalchemy.orm import DeclarativeBase, Mapped, mapped_column
class Base(DeclarativeBase):
    pass
class User(Base):
    __tablename__ = 'users'
    id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(primary_key=True)
    name: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(50))
print('name limited to 50 chars')

การสร้างโครงสร้างฐานข้อมูล

from sqlalchemy import create_engine
from sqlalchemy.orm import DeclarativeBase, Mapped, mapped_column
class Base(DeclarativeBase):
    pass
class User(Base):
    __tablename__ = 'users'
    id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(primary_key=True)
    name: Mapped[str]
engine = create_engine('sqlite:///:memory:')
Base.metadata.create_all(engine)
print('Schema created')

การสร้างอินสแตนซ์

from sqlalchemy.orm import DeclarativeBase, Mapped, mapped_column
class Base(DeclarativeBase):
    pass
class User(Base):
    __tablename__ = 'users'
    id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(primary_key=True)
    name: Mapped[str]
u = User(name='Alice')
print(u.name)

การเพิ่ม __repr__

from sqlalchemy.orm import DeclarativeBase, Mapped, mapped_column
class Base(DeclarativeBase):
    pass
class User(Base):
    __tablename__ = 'users'
    id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(primary_key=True)
    name: Mapped[str]
    def __repr__(self):
        return 'User(name=' + self.name + ')'
print(repr(User(name='Bob')))

โมเดลยังคงเป็น Python ธรรมดา

from sqlalchemy.orm import DeclarativeBase, Mapped, mapped_column
class Base(DeclarativeBase):
    pass
class User(Base):
    __tablename__ = 'users'
    id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(primary_key=True)
    name: Mapped[str]
    def greet(self):
        return 'Hi, ' + self.name
print(User(name='Carol').greet())

ตรวจสอบความเข้าใจ

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