تعريف النماذج

النماذج مرتبطة بالجداول

from sqlalchemy.orm import DeclarativeBase
class Base(DeclarativeBase):
    pass
print('Base class ready')

__tablename__

from sqlalchemy.orm import DeclarativeBase, Mapped, mapped_column
class Base(DeclarativeBase):
    pass
class User(Base):
    __tablename__ = 'users'
    id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(primary_key=True)
print(User.__tablename__)

الأعمدة باستخدام Mapped

from sqlalchemy.orm import DeclarativeBase, Mapped, mapped_column
class Base(DeclarativeBase):
    pass
class User(Base):
    __tablename__ = 'users'
    id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(primary_key=True)
    name: Mapped[str]
    age: Mapped[int]
print('User has id, name, age')

المفتاح الأساسي

from sqlalchemy.orm import DeclarativeBase, Mapped, mapped_column
class Base(DeclarativeBase):
    pass
class Product(Base):
    __tablename__ = 'products'
    id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(primary_key=True)
    title: Mapped[str]
print('id is the primary key')

الأعمدة الاختيارية

from typing import Optional
from sqlalchemy.orm import DeclarativeBase, Mapped, mapped_column
class Base(DeclarativeBase):
    pass
class User(Base):
    __tablename__ = 'users'
    id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(primary_key=True)
    nickname: Mapped[Optional[str]]
print('nickname can be NULL')

القيم الافتراضية والتفرّد

from sqlalchemy.orm import DeclarativeBase, Mapped, mapped_column
class Base(DeclarativeBase):
    pass
class User(Base):
    __tablename__ = 'users'
    id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(primary_key=True)
    email: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(unique=True)
    active: Mapped[bool] = mapped_column(default=True)
print('email is unique, active defaults to True')

طول السلسلة النصية

from sqlalchemy import String
from sqlalchemy.orm import DeclarativeBase, Mapped, mapped_column
class Base(DeclarativeBase):
    pass
class User(Base):
    __tablename__ = 'users'
    id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(primary_key=True)
    name: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(50))
print('name limited to 50 chars')

إنشاء المخطط

from sqlalchemy import create_engine
from sqlalchemy.orm import DeclarativeBase, Mapped, mapped_column
class Base(DeclarativeBase):
    pass
class User(Base):
    __tablename__ = 'users'
    id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(primary_key=True)
    name: Mapped[str]
engine = create_engine('sqlite:///:memory:')
Base.metadata.create_all(engine)
print('Schema created')

إنشاء المثيلات

from sqlalchemy.orm import DeclarativeBase, Mapped, mapped_column
class Base(DeclarativeBase):
    pass
class User(Base):
    __tablename__ = 'users'
    id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(primary_key=True)
    name: Mapped[str]
u = User(name='Alice')
print(u.name)

إضافة __repr__

from sqlalchemy.orm import DeclarativeBase, Mapped, mapped_column
class Base(DeclarativeBase):
    pass
class User(Base):
    __tablename__ = 'users'
    id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(primary_key=True)
    name: Mapped[str]
    def __repr__(self):
        return 'User(name=' + self.name + ')'
print(repr(User(name='Bob')))

تبقى النماذج كائنات Python عادية

from sqlalchemy.orm import DeclarativeBase, Mapped, mapped_column
class Base(DeclarativeBase):
    pass
class User(Base):
    __tablename__ = 'users'
    id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(primary_key=True)
    name: Mapped[str]
    def greet(self):
        return 'Hi, ' + self.name
print(User(name='Carol').greet())

اختبار سريع

مراجعة