แทรก ค้นหา และลบ

การดำเนินการหลักสามอย่าง

ชนิดของตารางและโหนด

#include <stdio.h>

typedef struct Node {
    char *key;
    int value;
    struct Node *next;
} Node;

typedef struct {
    Node **buckets;
    unsigned capacity;
    unsigned size;
} HashTable;

int main(void) {
    printf("types defined\n");
    return 0;
}

การสร้างตาราง

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

typedef struct Node { char *key; int value; struct Node *next; } Node;
typedef struct { Node **buckets; unsigned capacity, size; } HashTable;

HashTable *ht_create(unsigned cap) {
    HashTable *t = malloc(sizeof *t);
    t->buckets = calloc(cap, sizeof(Node *));
    t->capacity = cap; t->size = 0;
    return t;
}

int main(void) {
    HashTable *t = ht_create(16);
    printf("capacity=%u size=%u\n", t->capacity, t->size);
    return 0;
}

ตัวช่วยแฮช

#include <stdio.h>

unsigned long djb2(const char *s) {
    unsigned long h = 5381; int c;
    while ((c = (unsigned char)*s++)) h = ((h << 5) + h) + c;
    return h;
}

unsigned bucket_of(const char *key, unsigned cap) {
    return (unsigned)(djb2(key) % cap);
}

int main(void) {
    printf("%u\n", bucket_of("name", 16));
    return 0;
}

การแทรก: อัปเดตหรือนำไปไว้ด้านหน้า

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

typedef struct Node { char *key; int value; struct Node *next; } Node;

Node *insert(Node *head, const char *key, int val) {
    for (Node *p = head; p; p = p->next)
        if (strcmp(p->key, key) == 0) { p->value = val; return head; }
    Node *n = malloc(sizeof *n);
    n->key = strdup(key); n->value = val; n->next = head;
    return n;
}

int main(void) {
    Node *b = NULL;
    b = insert(b, "a", 1);
    b = insert(b, "a", 99); /* update */
    printf("%s=%d\n", b->key, b->value);
    return 0;
}

การค้นหา

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

typedef struct Node { char *key; int value; struct Node *next; } Node;

int *lookup(Node *head, const char *key) {
    for (Node *p = head; p; p = p->next)
        if (strcmp(p->key, key) == 0) return &p->value;
    return NULL;
}

int main(void) {
    Node n2 = {"y", 20, NULL};
    Node n1 = {"x", 10, &n2};
    int *v = lookup(&n1, "y");
    printf("%d\n", v ? *v : -1);
    return 0;
}

การลบ: เชื่อมรายการใหม่

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

typedef struct Node { char *key; int value; struct Node *next; } Node;

Node *delete_key(Node *head, const char *key) {
    Node *prev = NULL, *cur = head;
    while (cur) {
        if (strcmp(cur->key, key) == 0) {
            if (prev) prev->next = cur->next; else head = cur->next;
            free(cur->key); free(cur);
            return head;
        }
        prev = cur; cur = cur->next;
    }
    return head;
}

int main(void) {
    Node *b = malloc(sizeof *b);
    b->key = strdup("a"); b->value = 1; b->next = NULL;
    b = delete_key(b, "a");
    printf("%s\n", b ? "left" : "empty");
    return 0;
}

นำทุกส่วนมาประกอบกัน

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

typedef struct Node { char *key; int value; struct Node *next; } Node;

unsigned long djb2(const char *s){unsigned long h=5381;int c;while((c=(unsigned char)*s++))h=((h<<5)+h)+c;return h;}

#define CAP 16
Node *table[CAP];

void put(const char *k, int v) {
    unsigned i = djb2(k) % CAP;
    Node *n = malloc(sizeof *n);
    n->key = strdup(k); n->value = v; n->next = table[i];
    table[i] = n;
}
int get(const char *k) {
    for (Node *p = table[djb2(k) % CAP]; p; p = p->next)
        if (!strcmp(p->key, k)) return p->value;
    return -1;
}

int main(void) {
    put("age", 30); put("score", 95);
    printf("age=%d score=%d\n", get("age"), get("score"));
    return 0;
}

เหตุผลที่ต้องคัดลอกคีย์

ความซับซ้อนด้านเวลา

การคืนหน่วยความจำของทั้งตาราง

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

typedef struct Node { char *key; int value; struct Node *next; } Node;

void free_bucket(Node *head) {
    while (head) { Node *nx = head->next; free(head->key); free(head); head = nx; }
}

int main(void) {
    Node *b = malloc(sizeof *b);
    b->key = strdup("k"); b->value = 1; b->next = NULL;
    free_bucket(b);
    printf("freed\n");
    return 0;
}

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