รูปแบบใน switch

รูปแบบในคำสั่งสวิตช์

รูปแบบชนิดในคำสั่งสวิตช์

public class Main {
    static String kind(Object o) {
        return switch (o) {
            case Integer i -> "int " + i;
            case String s -> "string " + s;
            default -> "other";
        };
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println(kind(42));
        System.out.println(kind("hi"));
        System.out.println(kind(3.14));
    }
}

ชนิดที่ปิดผนึกไม่ต้องใช้ default

public class Main {
    sealed interface Shape permits Circle, Square {}
    record Circle(double r) implements Shape {}
    record Square(double s) implements Shape {}

    static double area(Shape shape) {
        return switch (shape) {
            case Circle c -> Math.PI * c.r() * c.r();
            case Square sq -> sq.s() * sq.s();
        };
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.printf("%.2f%n", area(new Square(3)));
    }
}

รูปแบบเรคคอร์ดในกรณีต่าง ๆ

public class Main {
    sealed interface Shape permits Circle, Rectangle {}
    record Circle(double r) implements Shape {}
    record Rectangle(double w, double h) implements Shape {}

    static double area(Shape shape) {
        return switch (shape) {
            case Circle(double r) -> Math.PI * r * r;
            case Rectangle(double w, double h) -> w * h;
        };
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.printf("%.2f%n", area(new Rectangle(2, 5)));
    }
}

เงื่อนไขกำกับด้วย when

public class Main {
    static String size(Object o) {
        return switch (o) {
            case Integer i when i < 0 -> "negative";
            case Integer i when i == 0 -> "zero";
            case Integer i -> "positive";
            default -> "not an int";
        };
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println(size(-5));
        System.out.println(size(0));
        System.out.println(size(7));
    }
}

ลำดับสำคัญเมื่อมีเงื่อนไขกำกับ

การจัดการค่าว่าง

public class Main {
    static String label(String s) {
        return switch (s) {
            case null -> "missing";
            case "yes" -> "affirmative";
            default -> "other: " + s;
        };
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println(label(null));
        System.out.println(label("yes"));
        System.out.println(label("maybe"));
    }
}

รูปแบบที่ซ้อนกันในคำสั่งสวิตช์

public class Main {
    record Point(int x, int y) {}
    record Line(Point a, Point b) {}

    static String describe(Object o) {
        return switch (o) {
            case Line(Point(var x1, var y1), Point(var x2, var y2)) when x1 == x2 -> "vertical";
            case Line(Point a, Point b) -> "line";
            default -> "other";
        };
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println(describe(new Line(new Point(1, 0), new Point(1, 5))));
        System.out.println(describe(new Line(new Point(0, 0), new Point(2, 3))));
    }
}

คำสั่งและนิพจน์

แทนที่โค้ดแบบ Visitor

ตัวแปลภาษาที่สมบูรณ์

public class Main {
    sealed interface Expr permits Num, Add, Mul {}
    record Num(int value) implements Expr {}
    record Add(Expr left, Expr right) implements Expr {}
    record Mul(Expr left, Expr right) implements Expr {}

    static int eval(Expr e) {
        return switch (e) {
            case Num(int v) -> v;
            case Add(Expr l, Expr r) -> eval(l) + eval(r);
            case Mul(Expr l, Expr r) -> eval(l) * eval(r);
        };
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Expr e = new Add(new Num(2), new Mul(new Num(3), new Num(4)));
        System.out.println(eval(e));
    }
}

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