System.Threading.Channels

แชนเนลคืออะไร

การสร้างแชนเนล

using System.Threading.Channels;

// Unbounded: unlimited capacity, no backpressure
var unbounded = Channel.CreateUnbounded<string>();

// Bounded: max 100 items; writer waits when full
var bounded = Channel.CreateBounded<string>(100);

// Bounded with drop-oldest strategy:
var dropping = Channel.CreateBounded<string>(new BoundedChannelOptions(50)
{
    FullMode = BoundedChannelFullMode.DropOldest
});

การเขียนลงแชนเนล

var channel = Channel.CreateUnbounded<int>();

// Producer task
var producer = Task.Run(async () =>
{
    for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++)
    {
        await channel.Writer.WriteAsync(i);
        await Task.Delay(10);
    }
    channel.Writer.Complete(); // signal no more items
});

การอ่านจากแชนเนล

// Consumer task
var consumer = Task.Run(async () =>
{
    await foreach (var item in channel.Reader.ReadAllAsync())
    {
        Console.WriteLine($"Processed: {item}");
        // Naturally paced — waits for next item
    }
    Console.WriteLine("Channel completed");
});

await Task.WhenAll(producer, consumer);

ผู้ผลิตหลายราย

var channel = Channel.CreateUnbounded<WorkItem>();

var producers = Enumerable.Range(0, 4).Select(id =>
    Task.Run(async () =>
    {
        for (int i = 0; i < 25; i++)
            await channel.Writer.WriteAsync(new WorkItem(id, i));
    }));

// Wait for all producers before completing the writer
await Task.WhenAll(producers);
channel.Writer.Complete();

ผู้บริโภคหลายราย (การกระจายงาน)

var channel = Channel.CreateBounded<WorkItem>(100);

// 4 parallel consumers
var consumers = Enumerable.Range(0, 4).Select(id =>
    Task.Run(async () =>
    {
        await foreach (var item in channel.Reader.ReadAllAsync())
        {
            await ProcessItemAsync(item);
            Console.WriteLine($"Consumer {id} processed {item.Id}");
        }
    }));

await Task.WhenAll(consumers);

รูปแบบไปป์ไลน์

// Stage 1: raw data
var stage1 = Channel.CreateBounded<string>(50);
// Stage 2: parsed
var stage2 = Channel.CreateBounded<ParsedRecord>(50);
// Stage 3: enriched
var stage3 = Channel.CreateBounded<EnrichedRecord>(50);

var parse   = ParseStageAsync(stage1.Reader, stage2.Writer);
var enrich  = EnrichStageAsync(stage2.Reader, stage3.Writer);
var persist = PersistStageAsync(stage3.Reader);

await Task.WhenAll(parse, enrich, persist);

แรงกดดันย้อนกลับด้วยแชนเนลแบบจำกัดขนาด

// Bounded channel: max 10 items
var channel = Channel.CreateBounded<string>(10);

// Fast producer
var producer = Task.Run(async () =>
{
    for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++)
    {
        // WriteAsync waits when channel has 10 items
        await channel.Writer.WriteAsync($"item-{i}");
        // Producer is naturally slowed to consumer speed
    }
    channel.Writer.Complete();
});

// Slow consumer
var consumer = Task.Run(async () =>
{
    await foreach (var item in channel.Reader.ReadAllAsync())
    {
        await Task.Delay(50); // simulate slow processing
        Console.WriteLine(item);
    }
});

การจัดการข้อผิดพลาดในแชนเนล

var channel = Channel.CreateUnbounded<int>();

var producer = Task.Run(async () =>
{
    try
    {
        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++)
        {
            if (i == 50) throw new Exception("Producer failed at 50");
            await channel.Writer.WriteAsync(i);
        }
        channel.Writer.Complete();
    }
    catch (Exception ex)
    {
        channel.Writer.Complete(ex); // propagate to reader
    }
});

try
{
    await foreach (var item in channel.Reader.ReadAllAsync())
        Console.WriteLine(item);
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
    Console.Error.WriteLine($"Channel error: {ex.Message}");
}

การใช้งานจริง: คิวงานเบื้องหลัง

public class JobQueue
{
    private readonly Channel<Func<CancellationToken, Task>> _queue
        = Channel.CreateBounded<Func<CancellationToken, Task>>(100);

    public ChannelWriter<Func<CancellationToken, Task>> Writer => _queue.Writer;
    public ChannelReader<Func<CancellationToken, Task>> Reader => _queue.Reader;
}

public class JobProcessor : BackgroundService
{
    private readonly JobQueue _queue;
    public JobProcessor(JobQueue q) => _queue = q;

    protected override async Task ExecuteAsync(CancellationToken ct)
    {
        await foreach (var job in _queue.Reader.ReadAllAsync(ct))
            await job(ct);
    }
}

ตรวจสอบความเข้าใจ

สรุป: System.Threading.Channels