เมธอดและฟิลด์แบบสแตติก

สแตติกเทียบกับอินสแตนซ์

using System;

class Counter
{
    public static int Total;   // shared
    public int Id;             // per instance
}

class Program
{
    static void Main()
    {
        Counter.Total = 5;
        Console.WriteLine("Shared Total: " + Counter.Total);
    }
}

การประกาศฟิลด์สแตติก

using System;

class Bank
{
    public static decimal InterestRate = 0.05m;
}

class Program
{
    static void Main()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("Rate: " + Bank.InterestRate);
    }
}

เมธอดสแตติก

using System;

class MathUtil
{
    public static int Square(int x)
    {
        return x * x;
    }
}

class Program
{
    static void Main()
    {
        Console.WriteLine(MathUtil.Square(7));
    }
}

สถานะที่ใช้ร่วมกันระหว่างอินสแตนซ์

using System;

class Robot
{
    public static int Count;

    public Robot()
    {
        Count++;
    }
}

class Program
{
    static void Main()
    {
        new Robot();
        new Robot();
        new Robot();
        Console.WriteLine("Robots created: " + Robot.Count);
    }
}

เมธอดสแตติกใช้ข้อมูลอินสแตนซ์ไม่ได้

using System;

class Calculator
{
    public static int Add(int a, int b) => a + b;
    public static int Multiply(int a, int b) => a * b;
}

class Program
{
    static void Main()
    {
        Console.WriteLine(Calculator.Add(2, 3));
        Console.WriteLine(Calculator.Multiply(4, 5));
    }
}

การผสมสแตติกกับอินสแตนซ์

using System;

class Account
{
    public static decimal Fee = 2m;
    public decimal Balance;

    public decimal NetBalance()
    {
        return Balance - Fee;   // instance method can read static
    }
}

class Program
{
    static void Main()
    {
        var a = new Account { Balance = 100m };
        Console.WriteLine("Net: " + a.NetBalance());
    }
}

รูปแบบตัวนับสแตติก

using System;

class Ticket
{
    private static int _next = 1;
    public int Number;

    public Ticket()
    {
        Number = _next++;
    }
}

class Program
{
    static void Main()
    {
        Console.WriteLine(new Ticket().Number);
        Console.WriteLine(new Ticket().Number);
        Console.WriteLine(new Ticket().Number);
    }
}

เมธอดช่วยเหลือแบบสแตติก

using System;

class Format
{
    public static string Money(decimal amount)
    {
        return "$" + amount.ToString("0.00");
    }
}

class Program
{
    static void Main()
    {
        Console.WriteLine(Format.Money(12.5m));
    }
}

การเรียกเมธอดสแตติกจากเมธอดสแตติก

using System;

class Geometry
{
    public static double CircleArea(double r) => Math.PI * Square(r);
    private static double Square(double x) => x * x;
}

class Program
{
    static void Main()
    {
        Console.WriteLine(Geometry.CircleArea(2).ToString("0.00"));
    }
}

ฟิลด์สแตติกคงอยู่

using System;

class Logger
{
    public static int MessageCount;

    public static void Log(string msg)
    {
        MessageCount++;
        Console.WriteLine("[" + MessageCount + "] " + msg);
    }
}

class Program
{
    static void Main()
    {
        Logger.Log("start");
        Logger.Log("working");
        Logger.Log("done");
    }
}

นำทุกอย่างมารวมกัน

using System;

class Order
{
    public static decimal TaxRate = 0.10m;
    public decimal Subtotal;

    public decimal Total() => Subtotal + Subtotal * TaxRate;
}

class Program
{
    static void Main()
    {
        var o = new Order { Subtotal = 200m };
        Console.WriteLine("Total: " + o.Total());
    }
}

ตรวจสอบความเข้าใจ

ทบทวน

using System;

class Demo
{
    public static int Shared;
    public int Own;
    public static void Bump() => Shared++;
}

class Program
{
    static void Main()
    {
        Demo.Bump();
        Demo.Bump();
        Console.WriteLine(Demo.Shared);
    }
}