PHP 애플리케이션 Docker화

PHP에 Docker를 사용하는 이유

기본 PHP Dockerfile

# Dockerfile
FROM php:8.3-fpm-alpine

# Install extensions
RUN docker-php-ext-install pdo pdo_mysql opcache

# Install Composer
COPY --from=composer:2 /usr/bin/composer /usr/bin/composer

WORKDIR /app
COPY composer.json composer.lock ./
RUN composer install --no-dev --optimize-autoloader

COPY . .

RUN chown -R www-data:www-data /app/storage /app/bootstrap/cache

다단계 빌드

# Stage 1: builder
FROM composer:2 AS builder
WORKDIR /app
COPY composer.json composer.lock ./
RUN composer install --no-dev --optimize-autoloader

# Stage 2: runtime
FROM php:8.3-fpm-alpine
WORKDIR /app
COPY --from=builder /app/vendor ./vendor
COPY . .

docker-compose.yml

# docker-compose.yml
services:
  app:
    build: .
    volumes:
      - .:/app
  nginx:
    image: nginx:alpine
    ports: ["80:80"]
    volumes:
      - .:/app
      - ./docker/nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
  mysql:
    image: mysql:8
    environment:
      MYSQL_DATABASE: myapp
      MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: secret
    volumes:
      - db_data:/var/lib/mysql
  redis:
    image: redis:alpine
volumes:
  db_data:

Nginx 컨테이너 구성

# docker/nginx.conf
server {
    listen 80;
    root /app/public;
    index index.php;
    location / { try_files $uri /index.php?$query_string; }
    location ~ \.php$ {
        fastcgi_pass app:9000;  # service name from docker-compose
        fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $realpath_root$fastcgi_script_name;
        include fastcgi_params;
    }
}

환경 변수

# docker-compose.yml:
services:
  app:
    env_file: .env
    # or explicit:
    environment:
      - APP_ENV=production
      - DB_HOST=mysql

Laravel Artisan 명령

$ docker compose exec app php artisan migrate
$ docker compose exec app php artisan config:cache
$ docker compose exec app php artisan queue:work

상태 확인

# Dockerfile:
HEALTHCHECK --interval=30s --timeout=5s \
  CMD curl -f http://localhost/health || exit 1

이미지 빌드 및 푸시

$ docker build -t myorg/myapp:1.0.0 .
$ docker push myorg/myapp:1.0.0

Kubernetes 배포

운영 환경 강화

요약

빠른 확인