ファイルへの書き込みと追記

PHPでのファイル書き込み

file_put_contents()

<?php
$data = "Hello, PHP!\nThis is line 2.\n";

$bytes = file_put_contents('/tmp/output.txt', $data);

if ($bytes === false) {
    echo 'Failed to write';
} else {
    echo "Wrote $bytes bytes";
}

FILE_APPEND による追記

<?php
$logEntry = date('Y-m-d H:i:s') . ' - User logged in' . PHP_EOL;

file_put_contents(
    '/var/log/app.log',
    $logEntry,
    FILE_APPEND | LOCK_EX  // append + exclusive lock
);

fopen の書き込みモード

fopen + fwrite

<?php
$handle = fopen('/tmp/report.txt', 'w');

if ($handle === false) die('Cannot open file');

fwrite($handle, "Report generated: " . date('Y-m-d') . "\n");
fwrite($handle, str_repeat('-', 40) . "\n");
fwrite($handle, "Total: 1234\n");

fclose($handle);
echo 'Report written';

CSVファイルの書き込み

<?php
$rows = [
    ['Name', 'Email', 'Score'],
    ['Alice', 'alice@test.com', 95],
    ['Bob',   'bob@test.com',   87],
];

$handle = fopen('/tmp/results.csv', 'w');
foreach ($rows as $row) {
    fputcsv($handle, $row);
}
fclose($handle);

JSONファイルの書き込み

<?php
$config = [
    'version' => '2.0',
    'debug'   => false,
    'db'      => ['host' => 'localhost', 'port' => 3306],
];

$json = json_encode($config, JSON_PRETTY_PRINT | JSON_UNESCAPED_SLASHES);
file_put_contents('/app/config.json', $json);

echo 'Config saved';

アトミックなファイル書き込み

<?php
$target  = '/app/data.json';
$tmpFile = $target . '.tmp.' . uniqid();

$data = json_encode(['ts' => time(), 'value' => 42]);

file_put_contents($tmpFile, $data, LOCK_EX);
rename($tmpFile, $target);  // atomic on most OSes

echo 'File updated atomically';

権限と所有者

<?php
$path = '/var/www/uploads/avatar.jpg';

// Copy uploaded temp file to destination
move_uploaded_file($_FILES['avatar']['tmp_name'], $path);

// Set permissions (owner read/write, group read, world read)
chmod($path, 0644);

echo 'File uploaded and permissions set';

一時ファイル

<?php
// Create a named temp file
$tmpPath = tempnam(sys_get_temp_dir(), 'php_');
file_put_contents($tmpPath, 'temp data');
$content = file_get_contents($tmpPath);
unlink($tmpPath);  // delete when done

// Anonymous temp file handle
$tmp = tmpfile();
fwrite($tmp, 'anonymous temp');
// auto-deleted when $tmp is garbage collected

ファイルのコピーと移動

<?php
// Copy a file
copy('/src/template.html', '/dst/page.html');

// Move / rename
rename('/tmp/upload_abc', '/storage/images/photo.jpg');

// Delete
unlink('/tmp/old_file.txt');

// Check if file was copied successfully
if (copy('a.txt', 'backup.txt')) {
    echo 'Backup created';
}

確認問題

まとめ: ファイルの書き込み