ディレクトリを操作する

PHPでのディレクトリ操作

scandir()

<?php
$entries = scandir('/var/www/html/uploads');

// scandir includes '.' and '..'
$entries = array_diff($entries, ['.', '..']);

foreach ($entries as $entry) {
    echo $entry . PHP_EOL;
}

glob() によるパターンマッチング

<?php
// Find all PHP files in a directory
$phpFiles = glob('/var/www/html/*.php');

// Recursively with GLOB_BRACE
$logs = glob('/var/log/{app,error,access}.log', GLOB_BRACE);

foreach ($phpFiles as $file) {
    echo basename($file) . PHP_EOL;
}

mkdir() と権限

<?php
$dir = '/var/www/uploads/2024/05';

// Create nested directories in one call:
if (!is_dir($dir)) {
    mkdir($dir, 0755, true);  // true = recursive
    echo "Created: $dir";
}

ディレクトリの削除

<?php
function deleteDir(string $path): void {
    foreach (scandir($path) as $entry) {
        if ($entry === '.' || $entry === '..') continue;
        $full = $path . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . $entry;
        is_dir($full) ? deleteDir($full) : unlink($full);
    }
    rmdir($path);
}

deleteDir('/tmp/old_cache');

DirectoryIterator によるディレクトリの反復処理

<?php
$dir = new DirectoryIterator('/var/www/html/images');

foreach ($dir as $info) {
    if ($info->isDot()) continue;
    echo $info->getFilename();
    echo ' (' . $info->getSize() . ' bytes)';
    echo PHP_EOL;
}

RecursiveDirectoryIterator

<?php
$iterator = new RecursiveIteratorIterator(
    new RecursiveDirectoryIterator('/var/www/src')
);

foreach ($iterator as $file) {
    if ($file->isDot()) continue;
    if ($file->getExtension() === 'php') {
        echo $file->getPathname() . PHP_EOL;
    }
}

getcwd と chdir

<?php
$originalDir = getcwd();
echo 'Current: ' . $originalDir . PHP_EOL;

chdir('/var/www/html');
echo 'Changed to: ' . getcwd() . PHP_EOL;

// Restore
chdir($originalDir);
echo 'Restored: ' . getcwd() . PHP_EOL;

パスの操作

<?php
// DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR = '/' on Unix, '\\' on Windows
$base    = '/var/www/app';
$subPath = 'uploads' . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . 'images';
$full    = $base . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . $subPath;

echo realpath($full);  // resolves symlinks

// __DIR__ is the directory of the current file
$configPath = __DIR__ . '/../config/settings.json';
echo realpath($configPath);

ディスク容量

<?php
$path = '/var/www';

$free  = disk_free_space($path);
$total = disk_total_space($path);
$used  = $total - $free;

echo 'Used: ' . round($used / 1024**3, 2) . ' GB';
echo 'Free: ' . round($free / 1024**3, 2) . ' GB';
echo 'Total: ' . round($total / 1024**3, 2) . ' GB';

SPL一時ディレクトリ

<?php
$tmpDir = sys_get_temp_dir();
echo 'Temp dir: ' . $tmpDir;

// Create a unique temporary directory
$uniqueDir = $tmpDir . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . 'myapp_' . uniqid();
mkdir($uniqueDir, 0700);

// ... use directory ...
// cleanup when done

確認問題

まとめ: ディレクトリの操作