Menguji UI Asinkron & Pemanggilan API dengan MSW

Mengapa Mock Service Worker?

Memasang MSW

// npm install msw --save-dev

// src/mocks/handlers.ts
import { http, HttpResponse } from 'msw';

export const handlers = [
  http.get('/api/users', () => {
    return HttpResponse.json([{ id: 1, name: 'Alice' }]);
  }),
];

Menyiapkan Peladen Simulasi

import { setupServer } from 'msw/node';
import { handlers } from './handlers';

const server = setupServer(...handlers);

beforeAll(() => server.listen());
afterEach(() => server.resetHandlers());
afterAll(() => server.close());

Menguji Komponen yang Mengambil Data

test('shows user list after fetch', async () => {
  render(<UserList />);
  expect(screen.getByText('Loading...')).toBeInTheDocument();
  expect(await screen.findByText('Alice')).toBeInTheDocument();
});

Kueri findBy untuk Antarmuka Pengguna Asinkron

// findByText waits for the element to appear
const username = await screen.findByText('Alice');
expect(username).toBeInTheDocument();

// waitFor wraps assertions that need to wait
await waitFor(() => {
  expect(screen.getByText('3 users')).toBeInTheDocument();
});

Mengganti handlers pada Setiap Pengujian

test('shows error on API failure', async () => {
  server.use(
    http.get('/api/users', () => {
      return HttpResponse.json({ message: 'Server error' }, { status: 500 });
    })
  );

  render(<UserList />);
  expect(await screen.findByText('Failed to load users')).toBeInTheDocument();
});

Menguji Keadaan Pemuatan

test('shows loading state initially', () => {
  render(<UserList />);
  expect(screen.getByRole('progressbar')).toBeInTheDocument();
  // or
  expect(screen.getByText('Loading...')).toBeInTheDocument();
});

Pengujian Permintaan POST

server.use(
  http.post('/api/users', async ({ request }) => {
    const body = await request.json();
    return HttpResponse.json({ id: 2, ...body }, { status: 201 });
  })
);

test('creates a user', async () => {
  const user = userEvent.setup();
  render(<NewUserForm />);
  await user.type(screen.getByLabelText('Name'), 'Bob');
  await user.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: /create/i }));
  expect(await screen.findByText('User created!')).toBeInTheDocument();
});

Penundaan Jaringan untuk Pengujian yang Realistis

import { delay } from 'msw';

http.get('/api/users', async () => {
  await delay(200);
  return HttpResponse.json([{ id: 1, name: 'Alice' }]);
})

Pengujian dengan React Query

function renderWithQuery(ui: React.ReactElement) {
  const queryClient = new QueryClient({
    defaultOptions: { queries: { retry: false } },
  });
  return render(
    <QueryClientProvider client={queryClient}>{ui}</QueryClientProvider>
  );
}

Memastikan Data Permintaan

let capturedBody: unknown;

server.use(
  http.post('/api/login', async ({ request }) => {
    capturedBody = await request.json();
    return HttpResponse.json({ token: 'abc' });
  })
);

test('sends credentials to API', async () => {
  // ... submit form ...
  expect(capturedBody).toEqual({ email: 'a@b.com', password: 'pass' });
});

MSW di Peramban untuk Pengembangan

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Ringkasan