Machine Learning Academy · Pelajaran

Memvisualisasikan Data dengan Matplotlib dan Seaborn

Peserta didik akan membuat histogram, grafik sebar, dan peta panas korelasi untuk mengeksplorasi distribusi serta hubungan data sebelum pemodelan.

Memvisualisasikan Data dengan Matplotlib dan Seaborn adalah pelajaran Machine Learning Academy gratis di CoddyKit. Ini adalah pelajaran 4 dari 4. Kamu bisa membaca pelajaran lengkapnya di bawah secara gratis — lalu praktikkan langsung di browser dengan editor kode bawaan dan tutor AI 24/7. Ini adalah bagian dari jalur belajar Machine Learning Academy, dan progresmu tersinkronisasi di web dan aplikasi CoddyKit. Kursus Machine Learning Academy mencakup 4 pelajaran total.

Bagian dari pelajaran ini belum diterjemahkan dan ditampilkan dalam bahasa Inggris.

Why Visualisation Matters in ML

Charts aren't just for reports — they're a diagnostic tool at every step. Matplotlib gives full control; Seaborn makes beautiful stats plots with less code.

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np

# Set seaborn theme for all plots
sns.set_theme(style='whitegrid', palette='muted')

# Load a built-in dataset
df = sns.load_dataset('tips')
print(df.head())

Histograms: Understanding Distributions

A histogram bins a numeric column to show its shape — normal, skewed, or with outliers. Spotting skew tells you when a log transform might help your model.

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns

df = sns.load_dataset('tips')

fig, axes = plt.subplots(1, 2, figsize=(12, 4))

# Raw distribution (right-skewed)
axes[0].hist(df['total_bill'], bins=30, edgecolor='white')
axes[0].set_title('Total Bill Distribution (Raw)')

# After log transform
import numpy as np
axes[1].hist(np.log(df['total_bill']), bins=30, edgecolor='white')
axes[1].set_title('Total Bill Distribution (Log Transformed)')

plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()

Scatter Plots: Feature Relationships

A scatter plot shows how two numbers relate — linear, curved, or full of outliers. Add color with hue to squeeze a third variable into the same view.

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns

df = sns.load_dataset('tips')

# Scatter plot with hue encoding
sns.scatterplot(
    data=df,
    x='total_bill',
    y='tip',
    hue='time',      # encode meal time as colour
    size='size',     # encode party size as dot size
    alpha=0.7
)
plt.title('Tip vs Total Bill (coloured by Meal Time)')
plt.show()

Box Plots: Comparing Groups

A box plot shows the median, spread, and outliers across groups. If a feature's box looks very different per category, that feature is probably worth keeping.

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns

df = sns.load_dataset('tips')

fig, axes = plt.subplots(1, 2, figsize=(12, 5))

sns.boxplot(data=df, x='day', y='total_bill', ax=axes[0])
axes[0].set_title('Bill by Day of Week')

sns.boxplot(data=df, x='smoker', y='tip', hue='sex', ax=axes[1])
axes[1].set_title('Tip by Smoking Status and Sex')

plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()

Correlation Heatmap: Finding Related Features

A correlation heatmap colors how strongly every pair of columns moves together. It reveals good predictors of your target — and redundant features to drop.

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns
import pandas as pd

df = pd.read_csv('titanic.csv')

# Compute correlation matrix
corr = df[['Survived', 'Pclass', 'Age', 'SibSp', 'Parch', 'Fare']].corr()

# Plot heatmap
plt.figure(figsize=(8, 6))
sns.heatmap(
    corr,
    annot=True,     # show correlation values
    fmt='.2f',      # 2 decimal places
    cmap='RdYlGn',  # red-yellow-green colour scale
    vmin=-1, vmax=1
)
plt.title('Feature Correlation Matrix')
plt.show()

Pair Plots: Exploring All Feature Pairs

A pair plot shows scatter plots for every feature pair at once — a fast first look at a new dataset. Color by class to see which features separate the groups.

import seaborn as sns
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# Use the iris dataset (classic ML benchmark)
df = sns.load_dataset('iris')

# Pair plot coloured by species
sns.pairplot(
    df,
    hue='species',
    diag_kind='kde',    # KDE on diagonal
    plot_kws={'alpha': 0.6}
)
plt.suptitle('Iris Dataset Pair Plot', y=1.02)
plt.show()

Bar Charts and Count Plots

A count plot shows how often each category appears — the quickest way to check class balance before training a classifier. Add hue to compare two categories.

import seaborn as sns
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

df = sns.load_dataset('titanic')

fig, axes = plt.subplots(1, 2, figsize=(12, 5))

# Class distribution (check balance)
sns.countplot(data=df, x='survived', ax=axes[0])
axes[0].set_title('Survival Count')

# Class by passenger class and sex
sns.countplot(data=df, x='class', hue='sex', ax=axes[1])
axes[1].set_title('Class Distribution by Sex')

plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()

Plotting Learning Curves

A learning curve plots training vs validation score as data grows. Both low means underfitting; a big gap means overfitting; both high and close means a good fit.

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
from sklearn.model_selection import learning_curve
from sklearn.tree import DecisionTreeClassifier
from sklearn.datasets import load_breast_cancer

X, y = load_breast_cancer(return_X_y=True)
train_sizes, train_scores, val_scores = learning_curve(
    DecisionTreeClassifier(max_depth=5), X, y, cv=5
)

plt.plot(train_sizes, train_scores.mean(axis=1), label='Training Score')
plt.plot(train_sizes, val_scores.mean(axis=1), label='Validation Score')
plt.xlabel('Training Set Size')
plt.ylabel('Accuracy')
plt.legend()
plt.title('Learning Curve')
plt.show()

Visualising Model Predictions

After training, plot the predictions. A confusion matrix heatmap shows where a classifier confuses labels — far more telling than a single accuracy number.

import seaborn as sns
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from sklearn.metrics import confusion_matrix
from sklearn.datasets import load_iris
from sklearn.tree import DecisionTreeClassifier
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split

X, y = load_iris(return_X_y=True)
X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(X, y, random_state=42)

model = DecisionTreeClassifier(max_depth=3)
model.fit(X_train, y_train)
y_pred = model.predict(X_test)

cm = confusion_matrix(y_test, y_pred)
sns.heatmap(cm, annot=True, fmt='d', cmap='Blues')
plt.xlabel('Predicted')
plt.ylabel('Actual')
plt.title('Confusion Matrix')
plt.show()

Saving and Customising Plots

Good plots need polish: titles, axis labels, and readable fonts. Save them with savefig at dpi=150+ for reports, and pick a colorblind-friendly palette.

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns
import numpy as np

# Create figure and axes explicitly
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(8, 5))

x = np.linspace(0, 10, 100)
ax.plot(x, np.sin(x), label='sin(x)', linewidth=2)
ax.plot(x, np.cos(x), label='cos(x)', linewidth=2, linestyle='--')

# Customise
ax.set_xlabel('x', fontsize=13)
ax.set_ylabel('y', fontsize=13)
ax.set_title('Sine and Cosine', fontsize=15, fontweight='bold')
ax.legend(fontsize=12)
ax.grid(True, alpha=0.3)

# Save
fig.savefig('plot.png', dpi=150, bbox_inches='tight')
plt.show()

Distribution Plots with Seaborn

A violin plot blends a box plot with a density curve, showing the full shape of a distribution. Seaborn's displot and kdeplot are great for smooth comparisons.

import seaborn as sns
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

df = sns.load_dataset('tips')

fig, axes = plt.subplots(1, 2, figsize=(12, 5))

# Violin plot
sns.violinplot(data=df, x='day', y='total_bill', hue='sex',
               split=True, inner='quart', ax=axes[0])
axes[0].set_title('Bill Distribution by Day (Violin)')

# KDE distribution comparison
sns.kdeplot(data=df, x='tip', hue='time', fill=True, alpha=0.4, ax=axes[1])
axes[1].set_title('Tip Distribution by Meal Time (KDE)')

plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()

Quick Check

Test your understanding of Machine Learning with Python concepts from this lesson.

Lesson Recap

You learned to see your data: histograms and scatter plots reveal shape, heatmaps find predictors, and learning curves diagnose fit. Next: your first model! 🚀

Pertanyaan yang Sering Diajukan

Apakah pelajaran “Memvisualisasikan Data dengan Matplotlib dan Seaborn” gratis?

Ya — teks lengkap “Memvisualisasikan Data dengan Matplotlib dan Seaborn” gratis dibaca di sini di web. Untuk praktiknya secara interaktif (editor kode bawaan dan tutor AI 24/7) dan buka sisa kursus Machine Learning Academy, upgrade ke CoddyKit PRO. Kursus Machine Learning Academy mencakup 4 pelajaran total.

Apa yang akan aku pelajari di “Memvisualisasikan Data dengan Matplotlib dan Seaborn”?

Peserta didik akan membuat histogram, grafik sebar, dan peta panas korelasi untuk mengeksplorasi distribusi serta hubungan data sebelum pemodelan. Kamu berlatih Machine Learning Academy dengan kode praktik yang langsung kamu jalankan di browser, dan tutor AI 24/7 menjawab pertanyaanmu saat kamu mengerjakan pelajaran ini.

Apakah aku perlu pengalaman untuk memulai Machine Learning Academy?

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Berapa lama pelajaran “Memvisualisasikan Data dengan Matplotlib dan Seaborn” memakan waktu?

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Semua pelajaran dalam kursus ini

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Dasar-Dasar NumPy: Larik dan Operasi Matematika
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Memvisualisasikan Data dengan Matplotlib dan Seaborn

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