also: Efek Samping Tanpa Mengubah Receiver

also secara Sekilas

Dasar-Dasar also

fun main() {
    val nums = listOf(1, 2, 3, 4)
        .also { println("input: $it") }
        .filter { it % 2 == 0 }
        .also { println("filtered: $it") }
    println(nums)
}

also untuk Pencatatan Log

fun main() {
    val processed = "  Hello, Kotlin!  "
        .also { println("raw: '$it'") }
        .trim()
        .also { println("trimmed: '$it'") }
        .uppercase()
    println(processed)
}

also untuk Penelusuran Kesalahan

fun main() {
    val sum = (1..5).toList()
        .also { println("list: $it") }
        .sum()
        .also { println("sum: $it") }
    println("final: $sum")
}

also vs apply

class Counter {
    var value: Int = 0
}
fun main() {
    val c = Counter().apply { value = 10 } // uses this implicitly
    val d = Counter().also { it.value = 10 } // uses it explicitly
    println("${c.value} / ${d.value}")
}

also untuk Efek Samping Inisialisasi

class Repository {
    val cache = mutableMapOf<String, String>()
    fun init() = println("Repository initialized")
}
fun main() {
    val r = Repository().also { it.init() }
    r.cache["key"] = "value"
    println(r.cache)
}

also Mengembalikan Nilai Asli

fun main() {
    val len = "Hello".also { println("got: $it") }.length
    println(len) // 5
}

also untuk Validasi

fun main() {
    val n = listOf(1, 2, 3, 4)
        .filter { it > 0 }
        .also { require(it.isNotEmpty()) { "must have positives" } }
        .sum()
    println(n)
}

Menggabungkan also dan let

fun main() {
    val raw: String? = "  42  "
    val n = raw
        ?.also { println("raw: '$it'") }
        ?.let { it.trim().toIntOrNull() }
        ?.also { println("parsed: $it") }
    println(n)
}

also untuk Menambahkan ke Koleksi

class User(val name: String)
fun main() {
    val users = mutableListOf<User>()
    val ada = User("Ada").also { users.add(it) }
    val ben = User("Ben").also { users.add(it) }
    println(users.map { it.name })
}

Kapan Menggunakan also

fun main() {
    val total = listOf(10, 20, 30, 40, 50)
        .also { println("count: ${it.size}") }
        .filter { it >= 30 }
        .also { println("kept: $it") }
        .sum()
    println("total: $total")
}

Antipola: also untuk Penetapan Ulang

fun main() {
    val name = "ada"
    // BAD: also returns receiver, so upper is wrong
    // val upper = name.also { it.uppercase() } // upper == "ada"
    val upper = name.let { it.uppercase() }
    println(upper) // ADA
}

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