Flutter Mobile Development · Pelajaran

Shared Preferences untuk Data

Gunakan `shared_preferences` untuk menyimpan sejumlah kecil data seperti pengaturan dan preferensi pengguna secara lokal dalam pasangan kunci-nilai.

Shared Preferences untuk Data adalah pelajaran Flutter Mobile Development gratis di CoddyKit. Ini adalah pelajaran 1 dari 4. Kamu bisa membaca pelajaran lengkapnya di bawah secara gratis — lalu praktikkan langsung di browser dengan editor kode bawaan dan tutor AI 24/7. Ini adalah bagian dari jalur belajar Flutter Mobile Development, dan progresmu tersinkronisasi di web dan aplikasi CoddyKit. Kursus Flutter Mobile Development mencakup 4 pelajaran total.

Bagian dari pelajaran ini belum diterjemahkan dan ditampilkan dalam bahasa Inggris.

What are Shared Preferences?

When building mobile apps, you often need to store small bits of data locally on the device. This could be anything from a user's dark mode preference to their last logged-in status.

shared_preferences is a Flutter package that helps you do just that! It provides a simple way to store key-value pairs of primitive data types.

Why Use Shared Preferences?

Simple Data: Ideal for storing simple data types like booleans, integers, doubles, strings, and lists of strings.
User Settings: Perfect for saving user preferences, app settings, or theme choices.
Lightweight: It's a quick and easy way to persist small amounts of data without needing a full database.

Think of it like a small digital notepad for your app's temporary memory!

Installing the Package

To use shared_preferences, you first need to add it to your project's dependencies.

Open your pubspec.yaml file and add the following line under dependencies:

dependencies:
  flutter:
    sdk: flutter
  shared_preferences: ^2.2.2 # Add this line

Saving Your First Preference

Once the package is added, you can start saving data. You'll need to get an instance of SharedPreferences and then use methods like setBool(), setString(), etc.

Remember to use await because these operations are asynchronous!

import 'package:shared_preferences/shared_preferences.dart';

Future<void> saveSetting() async {
  SharedPreferences prefs = await SharedPreferences.getInstance();
  await prefs.setBool('isDarkMode', true);
  print('Dark mode setting saved!');
}

Run It: Saving a Boolean

Try running this example to see how a boolean value is saved. We'll set a 'welcomeShown' flag to true.

import 'package:flutter/widgets.dart';
import 'package:shared_preferences/shared_preferences.dart';

void main() async {
  WidgetsFlutterBinding.ensureInitialized(); 
  SharedPreferences prefs = await SharedPreferences.getInstance();

  // Save a boolean value
  await prefs.setBool('welcomeShown', true);
  print('welcomeShown saved: ${prefs.getBool('welcomeShown')}');
}

Retrieving Saved Data

To get data back, you use corresponding get methods like getBool(), getString(), etc. These methods return a nullable type (e.g., bool?) because the key might not exist.

It's good practice to provide a default value using the ?? operator if the key is not found.

import 'package:shared_preferences/shared_preferences.dart';

Future<bool> getSetting() async {
  SharedPreferences prefs = await SharedPreferences.getInstance();
  // Get 'isDarkMode', default to false if not found
  bool isDark = prefs.getBool('isDarkMode') ?? false;
  return isDark;
}

Run It: Loading a Boolean

Let's load the welcomeShown preference we saved earlier. Notice how we handle the case where it might not exist by providing a default of false.

import 'package:flutter/widgets.dart';
import 'package:shared_preferences/shared_preferences.dart';

void main() async {
  WidgetsFlutterBinding.ensureInitialized();
  SharedPreferences prefs = await SharedPreferences.getInstance();

  // Load 'welcomeShown', default to false if not present
  bool welcomeShown = prefs.getBool('welcomeShown') ?? false;
  print('Is welcome screen already shown? $welcomeShown');

  // Let's try to load a key that doesn't exist
  String? userName = prefs.getString('userName');
  print('User Name: ${userName ?? 'Guest'}');
}

Saving Other Data Types

shared_preferences supports several basic data types:

setString(key, value) for text
setInt(key, value) for whole numbers
setDouble(key, value) for decimal numbers
setStringList(key, value) for lists of strings

There are corresponding get methods for each type.

Run It: Saving Mixed Data

This example demonstrates saving and loading a string, an integer, and a list of strings. See how different types are handled.

import 'package:flutter/widgets.dart';
import 'package:shared_preferences/shared_preferences.dart';

void main() async {
  WidgetsFlutterBinding.ensureInitialized();
  SharedPreferences prefs = await SharedPreferences.getInstance();

  // Save different data types
  await prefs.setString('userName', 'Coddy');
  await prefs.setInt('score', 12345);
  await prefs.setStringList('favoriteFoods', ['Pizza', 'Sushi', 'Tacos']);
  print('All data saved!');

  // Load and print them
  String? name = prefs.getString('userName');
  int? score = prefs.getInt('score');
  List<String>? foods = prefs.getStringList('favoriteFoods');

  print('User Name: ${name ?? 'N/A'}');
  print('Score: ${score ?? 0}');
  print('Favorite Foods: ${foods ?? []}');
}

Deleting Preferences

You can also remove stored preferences:

remove(key): Deletes a specific key-value pair.
clear(): Deletes ALL data stored by your app using shared_preferences. Use with caution!

Both methods are asynchronous and return a Future<bool> indicating success.

Quick Check

You want to store a user's preferred language, which is a single string like 'en_US' or 'es_ES'. Which shared_preferences method is the most appropriate for saving this data?

Recap & Next Steps

Great job! You've learned how to use shared_preferences to store and retrieve small, simple data locally in your Flutter applications.

It's ideal for user settings and preferences.
Supports basic types: bool, int, double, string, and List<String>.
Operations are asynchronous (use await).
Remember to handle null values when retrieving data.

Next, you'll explore more structured data storage with SQLite databases!

Pertanyaan yang Sering Diajukan

Apakah pelajaran “Shared Preferences untuk Data” gratis?

Ya — teks lengkap “Shared Preferences untuk Data” gratis dibaca di sini di web. Untuk praktiknya secara interaktif (editor kode bawaan dan tutor AI 24/7) dan buka sisa kursus Flutter Mobile Development, upgrade ke CoddyKit PRO. Kursus Flutter Mobile Development mencakup 4 pelajaran total.

Apa yang akan aku pelajari di “Shared Preferences untuk Data”?

Gunakan `shared_preferences` untuk menyimpan sejumlah kecil data seperti pengaturan dan preferensi pengguna secara lokal dalam pasangan kunci-nilai. Kamu berlatih Flutter Mobile Development dengan kode praktik yang langsung kamu jalankan di browser, dan tutor AI 24/7 menjawab pertanyaanmu saat kamu mengerjakan pelajaran ini.

Apakah aku perlu pengalaman untuk memulai Flutter Mobile Development?

Tidak diperlukan pengalaman sebelumnya. Flutter Mobile Development di CoddyKit dirancang untuk pemula hingga pelajar tingkat lanjut, jadi kamu bisa memulai di sini atau dari awal dan belajar sesuai kecepatan kamu sendiri. Ini adalah pelajaran 1 dari 4.

Berapa lama pelajaran “Shared Preferences untuk Data” memakan waktu?

Sebagian besar pelajaran CoddyKit memakan waktu sekitar 5–10 menit. Setiap pelajaran ringkas dan interaktif, jadi kamu membuat kemajuan stabil dan melanjutkan dari tempat kamu tinggalkan di web dan aplikasi.

Bisakah aku menulis dan menjalankan kode dalam pelajaran Flutter Mobile Development ini?

Ya. Setiap pelajaran Flutter Mobile Development menyertakan editor kode bawaan, jadi kamu menulis dan menjalankan kode nyata langsung di browser dan mendapatkan umpan balik AI instan — tidak diperlukan penyiapan lokal.

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