Preferences, Map-Backed Properties और Logging के लिए Delegates

class ApiResponse(data: Map<String, Any?>) {
    val id: Int by data
    val title: String by data
    val published: Boolean by data
}
fun main() {
    val response = ApiResponse(mapOf("id" to 1, "title" to "Kotlin Rocks", "published" to true))
    println(response.title)     // Kotlin Rocks
    println(response.published) // true
}

import kotlin.properties.ReadWriteProperty
import kotlin.reflect.KProperty
class Logged<T>(private var v: T) : ReadWriteProperty<Any?, T> {
    override fun getValue(t: Any?, p: KProperty<*>): T {
        println("[READ]  ${p.name} = $v"); return v
    }
    override fun setValue(t: Any?, p: KProperty<*>, value: T) {
        println("[WRITE] ${p.name}: $v -> $value"); v = value
    }
}
var config: String by Logged("default")
fun main() { println(config); config = "production" }

import kotlin.properties.ReadWriteProperty
import kotlin.reflect.KProperty
class TrackedMap(private val map: MutableMap<String,Any?> = mutableMapOf()) {
    inner class Delegate<T> : ReadWriteProperty<Any?,T> {
        @Suppress("UNCHECKED_CAST")
        override fun getValue(t:Any?,p:KProperty<*>): T {
            val v = map[p.name] as T; println("read ${p.name}=$v"); return v
        }
        override fun setValue(t:Any?,p:KProperty<*>,value:T) {
            println("write ${p.name}=$value"); map[p.name]=value
        }
    }
    var host: String by Delegate()
}
fun main() { val m=TrackedMap(); m.host="localhost"; println(m.host) }

import kotlin.properties.ReadWriteProperty
import kotlin.reflect.KProperty
val prefs = mutableMapOf<String, Any?>()
fun <T> pref(default: T): ReadWriteProperty<Any?, T> = object : ReadWriteProperty<Any?, T> {
    @Suppress("UNCHECKED_CAST")
    override fun getValue(t: Any?, p: KProperty<*>): T = prefs.getOrDefault(p.name, default) as T
    override fun setValue(t: Any?, p: KProperty<*>, value: T) { prefs[p.name] = value }
}
object UserPrefs {
    var username: String by pref("Guest")
    var isDarkMode: Boolean by pref(false)
}
fun main() {
    println(UserPrefs.username)   // Guest
    UserPrefs.username = "Alice"
    println(UserPrefs.username)   // Alice
}

import kotlin.properties.ReadWriteProperty
import kotlin.reflect.KProperty
val store = mutableMapOf<String,Any?>()
fun stringPref(default: String) = object : ReadWriteProperty<Any?,String> {
    @Suppress("UNCHECKED_CAST")
    override fun getValue(t:Any?,p:KProperty<*>) = store.getOrDefault(p.name, default) as String
    override fun setValue(t:Any?,p:KProperty<*>,v:String) { store[p.name]=v }
}
fun intPref(default: Int) = object : ReadWriteProperty<Any?,Int> {
    @Suppress("UNCHECKED_CAST")
    override fun getValue(t:Any?,p:KProperty<*>) = store.getOrDefault(p.name, default) as Int
    override fun setValue(t:Any?,p:KProperty<*>,v:Int) { store[p.name]=v }
}
object Prefs {
    var name: String by stringPref("default")
    var count: Int by intPref(0)
}
fun main() { Prefs.name="Bob"; Prefs.count=5; println("${Prefs.name}: ${Prefs.count}") }

import kotlin.properties.ReadWriteProperty
import kotlin.reflect.KProperty
val audit = mutableListOf<String>()
class AuditDelegate<T>(private var v: T) : ReadWriteProperty<Any?, T> {
    override fun getValue(t:Any?,p:KProperty<*>) = v
    override fun setValue(t:Any?,p:KProperty<*>,value:T) {
        audit += "[${System.currentTimeMillis()}] ${p.name}: $v -> $value"
        v = value
    }
}
var price: Double by AuditDelegate(9.99)
fun main() {
    price = 12.99
    price = 11.49
    audit.forEach(::println)
}

import kotlin.properties.ReadWriteProperty
import kotlin.reflect.KProperty
val data = mutableMapOf<String, Any?>()
fun positiveInt(default: Int): ReadWriteProperty<Any?,Int> = object : ReadWriteProperty<Any?,Int> {
    @Suppress("UNCHECKED_CAST")
    override fun getValue(t:Any?,p:KProperty<*>)=data.getOrDefault(p.name,default) as Int
    override fun setValue(t:Any?,p:KProperty<*>,v:Int){
        require(v>=0){"${p.name} must be >= 0"}
        data[p.name]=v
    }
}
object Inventory { var stock: Int by positiveInt(100) }
fun main(){
    Inventory.stock=50; println(Inventory.stock)
    try { Inventory.stock=-1 } catch(e:Exception){ println(e.message) }
}

import kotlin.properties.ReadWriteProperty
import kotlin.reflect.KProperty
fun <T> ReadWriteProperty<Any?,T>.withLogging(): ReadWriteProperty<Any?,T> {
    val base = this
    return object : ReadWriteProperty<Any?,T> {
        override fun getValue(t:Any?,p:KProperty<*>): T {
            val v = base.getValue(t,p); println("get ${p.name}=$v"); return v
        }
        override fun setValue(t:Any?,p:KProperty<*>,v:T){
            println("set ${p.name}=$v"); base.setValue(t,p,v)
        }
    }
}

class AppConfig(private val raw: Map<String, Any?>) {
    val host: String by raw
    val port: Int by raw
    val debug: Boolean by raw
}
fun main() {
    val env = mapOf("host" to "0.0.0.0", "port" to 8080, "debug" to true)
    val cfg = AppConfig(env)
    println("${cfg.host}:${cfg.port} debug=${cfg.debug}")
}