Comparer les invites vagues et précises

Méthode de comparaison côte à côte

Paire 1 : L’article de blog

import anthropic

client = anthropic.Anthropic(api_key='sk-ant-your-key-here')

response = client.messages.create(
    model='claude-opus-4-5',
    max_tokens=800,
    messages=[{
        'role': 'user',
        'content': (
            'Write a 600-word blog post titled '
            '"The 3 Remote Work Habits That Killed My Productivity (And What I Do Now)" '
            'for an audience of mid-level software developers. '
            'First-person voice, conversational tone. '
            'Structure: 1-paragraph intro, 3 H2 sections (one per habit), '
            '1 closing paragraph with a CTA to download a free productivity template.'
        )
    }]
)
print(response.content[0].text[:400], '...')

Paire 2 : La revue de code

import openai

client = openai.OpenAI(api_key='sk-your-key-here')

code = (
    'def get_user(users, user_id):\n'
    '    for user in users:\n'
    '        if user["id"] == user_id:\n'
    '            return user["name"]\n'
    '    return users[0]["name"]\n'
)

response = client.chat.completions.create(
    model='gpt-4o',
    messages=[{
        'role': 'user',
        'content': (
            'Review the following Python function.\n'
            'Focus ONLY on: 1) correctness bugs, 2) unhandled edge cases.\n'
            'Do NOT comment on style, naming conventions, or formatting.\n'
            'Output format: numbered list. Each item: issue (1 sentence), '
            'affected line, suggested fix as a code snippet.\n\n'
            + code
        )
    }]
)
print(response.choices[0].message.content)

Paire 3 : L’objet de l’e-mail

import anthropic

client = anthropic.Anthropic(api_key='sk-ant-your-key-here')

response = client.messages.create(
    model='claude-opus-4-5',
    max_tokens=400,
    messages=[{
        'role': 'user',
        'content': (
            'Write 10 email subject lines for a weekly newsletter '
            'about Python tips for data scientists. '
            'Requirements:\n'
            '- Each under 50 characters\n'
            '- Must use one of these hooks: [CURIOSITY GAP], [NUMBER], or [SURPRISING CLAIM]\n'
            '- No spam words: FREE, URGENT, ACT NOW, LIMITED TIME\n'
            '- Output as numbered list with hook type in brackets at the end of each line'
        )
    }]
)
print(response.content[0].text)

Paire 4 : Le résumé de réunion

import openai

client = openai.OpenAI(api_key='sk-your-key-here')

transcript = (
    'John: We need to decide on the launch date. '
    'Sarah: I think Q3 works. We need the API done first. '
    'John: Agreed. Sarah, can you own the API? '
    'Sarah: Yes, I can have it by July 15th. '
    'John: Great. Who handles marketing? '
    'Mike: I will, but I need the feature list first. '
    'John: We still need to confirm pricing — tabled for next week.'
)

response = client.chat.completions.create(
    model='gpt-4o',
    messages=[{
        'role': 'user',
        'content': (
            'Summarize this meeting transcript in this exact format:\n'
            '1. Meeting Purpose: (1 sentence)\n'
            '2. Key Decisions: (bullet list, max 5)\n'
            '3. Action Items: (markdown table: Task | Owner | Deadline)\n'
            '4. Open Questions: (numbered list)\n'
            'Missing info: write N/A. Facts only, no opinions.\n\n'
            'Transcript:\n' + transcript
        )
    }]
)
print(response.choices[0].message.content)

Paire 5 : L’explication

import anthropic

client = anthropic.Anthropic(api_key='sk-ant-your-key-here')

response = client.messages.create(
    model='claude-opus-4-5',
    max_tokens=350,
    messages=[{
        'role': 'user',
        'content': (
            'Explain machine learning in exactly 3 paragraphs. '
            'Audience: a product manager at a healthcare company who understands statistics '
            'but has never written code.\n'
            'Paragraph 1: what ML is and how it differs from traditional programming.\n'
            'Paragraph 2: a specific real-world healthcare example (diagnosis or drug discovery).\n'
            'Paragraph 3: one common misconception non-technical people have about ML.\n'
            'Max 200 words total. No bullet points — flowing prose only.'
        )
    }]
)
print(response.content[0].text)

Anatomie d’une bonne réécriture

# Pattern extractor: identify improvements between two prompts
def analyze_improvement(vague, specific):
    improvements = []
    words = specific.lower()
    if any(str(n) in words for n in range(10, 10000)):
        improvements.append('Quantitative constraint added')
    if 'do not' in words or 'exclude' in words or 'avoid' in words or 'no ' in words:
        improvements.append('Negative constraint added')
    if 'audience' in words or 'for a' in words or 'targeting' in words:
        improvements.append('Audience specified')
    if 'format:' in words or 'table' in words or 'list' in words or 'paragraph' in words:
        improvements.append('Output format defined')
    if 'example' in words or 'such as' in words or 'like:' in words:
        improvements.append('Example provided')
    print('Improvements detected:')
    for i in improvements:
        print(f'  + {i}')

vague = 'Write a blog post about remote work.'
specific = 'Write a 600-word blog post for mid-level developers with 3 H2 sections and a closing CTA. No bullet points. Avoid generic productivity advice.'
analyze_improvement(vague, specific)

Ce qui se passe lorsqu’une seule dimension est ajoutée

import openai

client = openai.OpenAI(api_key='sk-your-key-here')

# Progressively more specific prompts
prompts = [
    'Write about Python.',
    'Write a 200-word article about Python.',
    'Write a 200-word article about Python for beginners who know no programming.',
    (
        'Write a 200-word article about Python for beginners who know no programming. '
        'Start with a real-world analogy. Use 3 short paragraphs. '
        'End with one actionable first step they can take today.'
    )
]

for i, p in enumerate(prompts, 1):
    print(f'Prompt {i} ({len(p)} chars): {p[:80]}...' if len(p) > 80 else f'Prompt {i}: {p}')
    print()

Utiliser concrètement la technique des paires de comparaison

import anthropic

client = anthropic.Anthropic(api_key='sk-ant-your-key-here')

def compare_prompts(prompt_a, prompt_b, label_a='A', label_b='B'):
    client_ref = anthropic.Anthropic(api_key='sk-ant-your-key-here')
    for label, prompt in [(label_a, prompt_a), (label_b, prompt_b)]:
        response = client_ref.messages.create(
            model='claude-opus-4-5',
            max_tokens=150,
            messages=[{'role': 'user', 'content': prompt}]
        )
        print(f'=== {label} ===')
        print(prompt)
        print('--- OUTPUT ---')
        print(response.content[0].text)
        print()

compare_prompts(
    prompt_a='Explain APIs.',
    prompt_b='Explain APIs in 3 sentences for a non-technical startup founder. Analogy required.',
    label_a='VAGUE',
    label_b='SPECIFIC'
)

L’audit de deux minutes d’une consigne

def two_minute_audit(prompt):
    score = 0
    checks = {
        'Format specified': any(w in prompt.lower() for w in
            ['list', 'table', 'paragraph', 'json', 'bullet', 'sentence', 'word']),
        'Length given': any(c.isdigit() for c in prompt),
        'Audience named': any(w in prompt.lower() for w in
            ['for a', 'audience', 'targeting', 'developer', 'manager', 'beginner']),
        'Exclusion added': any(w in prompt.lower() for w in
            ['do not', 'avoid', 'exclude', 'no ', 'without', 'never']),
        'Goal stated': any(w in prompt.lower() for w in
            ['goal', 'purpose', 'so that', 'in order to', 'will be used']),
    }
    print('Prompt Audit:')
    for check, passed in checks.items():
        icon = 'PASS' if passed else 'FAIL'
        print(f'  [{icon}] {check}')
        if passed: score += 1
    print(f'Score: {score}/{len(checks)}')

two_minute_audit(
    'Write 5 bullet-point suggestions for improving user onboarding '
    'for a B2B SaaS app targeting first-time non-technical users. '
    'Avoid suggestions that require engineering work. Each bullet: max 25 words.'
)

Construire votre bibliothèque de prompts

# Example prompt library entry
prompt_library = {
    'meeting_summary': {
        'template': (
            'Summarize the following meeting transcript in this format:\n'
            '1. Purpose: (1 sentence)\n'
            '2. Decisions: (bullet list, max 5)\n'
            '3. Action Items: (table: Task | Owner | Deadline)\n'
            '4. Open Questions: (numbered list)\n'
            'Missing info: N/A. Facts only.\n\nTranscript:\n[TRANSCRIPT]'
        ),
        'use_case': 'Post-meeting automation for Slack or Notion',
        'model': 'claude-opus-4-5',
        'temperature': 0,
        'notes': 'Works best with verbatim transcripts, not paraphrased notes'
    }
}

# Use the template
def run_meeting_summary(transcript):
    template = prompt_library['meeting_summary']['template']
    return template.replace('[TRANSCRIPT]', transcript)

print(run_meeting_summary('Alice: We decided to ship v2 next Friday...')[:200])

Vérification des connaissances

Vague ou précise — Récapitulatif