let, const y cómo evitar var

Introducción

Conceptos básicos de let y const

// Prefer const by default; use let when you need to reassign
const appName = "CoddyKit";   
// cannot reassign
let score = 0;                
// can reassign

score = score + 1;
console.log("App:", appName);
console.log("Score:", score);

Por qué evitar var

Demostración del ámbito de bloque

// Block scope: variables exist only inside the braces
let lives = 3;

if (true) {
  const bonus = 10;      
 // only inside this block
  let level = 2;          
// only inside this block
  console.log("Inside:", bonus, level);
}

console.log("Lives:", lives);
// The following would be ReferenceError if uncommented:
// console.log(bonus, level);

TDZ (demostración segura)

// TDZ: accessing let/const before declaration throws ReferenceError
try {
  // Uncommenting next line would throw:
  // console.log(theme);   
  // ReferenceError (TDZ)
  let theme = "dark";
  console.log("Theme after declare:", theme);
} catch (e) {
  console.log("Caught:", e.message);
}

Nombres y consejos

Cuestionario sobre let y const

Repaso