Ruby Academy · Lesson

Routes and Params

Handling HTTP.

Lesson 2 of 413 steps

Routes and Params is a free Ruby Academy lesson on CoddyKit. This is lesson 2 of 4. Any 3 lessons of this learning path are free to read in full — after that, CoddyKit PRO unlocks every lesson, plus hands-on practice with a built-in code editor and a 24/7 AI tutor. It is part of the Ruby Academy learning path, and your progress syncs across the web and the CoddyKit app. The Ruby Academy course includes 4 lessons in total.

Handling HTTP Requests

Web apps respond to requests by matching routes and reading parameters.

Path segments can be dynamic
Query strings carry extra data
Form bodies carry posted fields

Sinatra exposes all of these through the params hash.

require 'sinatra'

get '/echo' do
  params['msg'].to_s
end

Named Route Parameters

A colon in the path defines a named parameter that captures a path segment.

/users/:id matches /users/42
The captured value appears in params['id']

require 'sinatra'

get '/users/:id' do
  "User ID is #{params['id']}"
end

Multiple Parameters

A route can have several named parameters.

Each colon segment becomes a key in params
Order in the path does not matter for access

require 'sinatra'

get '/posts/:year/:month' do
  "Posts from #{params['month']}/#{params['year']}"
end

Query String Parameters

Query string values after ? also land in params.

/search?q=ruby gives params['q'] == 'ruby'
Multiple pairs are separated by &

require 'sinatra'

get '/search' do
  "Searching for: #{params['q']}"
end

Working with params as a Hash

The params object behaves like a Ruby hash. Practicing with a plain hash makes the patterns clear.

Use fetch with a default for safety
Keys are strings by convention

params = { 'name' => 'Ada', 'lang' => 'Ruby' }

puts params['name']
puts params.fetch('age', 'unknown')

Form Data with POST

For post requests, submitted form fields appear in params too.

Sinatra parses the request body automatically
Same access pattern as query params

require 'sinatra'

post '/signup' do
  "Welcome, #{params['username']}"
end

Splat Parameters

A splat (*) matches any number of characters and stores them in the params['splat'] array.

/files/* captures the rest of the path
Multiple splats produce multiple array entries

require 'sinatra'

get '/files/*' do
  "Path: #{params['splat'].first}"
end

Optional and Regex Routes

Routes can use regular expressions for precise matching.

Captures are available in params['captures']
Useful for constraints like numeric IDs only

require 'sinatra'

get %r{/item/(\d+)} do
  "Item #{params['captures'].first}"
end

Validating Parameters

Always validate and convert incoming params since they arrive as strings.

Use to_i or Integer() for numbers
Reject missing required values with a clear error

def parse_id(raw)
  id = Integer(raw)
  raise 'must be positive' if id <= 0
  id
end

puts parse_id('42')

Default Values

Provide sensible defaults for optional params to avoid nil errors.

params.fetch('page', '1')
Combine with conversion for safe pagination

params = { 'page' => nil }
page = (params['page'] || '1').to_i
puts "Page: #{page}"

Redirecting

Use redirect to send the client to another URL.

Issues a 302 status by default
Common after a successful form post

require 'sinatra'

post '/login' do
  redirect '/dashboard'
end

Quick Check

Check what you know about routes and params.

Answer it in the interactive lesson

Recap

You learned how Sinatra handles input:

Named params use :name in the path
Query strings and form fields also populate params
Splats and regex routes capture flexible paths
Always validate and convert string params
Use redirect to move clients between URLs

Next you will return structured JSON responses.

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Frequently Asked Questions

Is the “Routes and Params” lesson free?

Yes — any 3 lessons of the Ruby Academy learning path, including “Routes and Params”, are free to read in full here on the web. After that, CoddyKit PRO unlocks every lesson, plus interactive practice with a built-in code editor and a 24/7 AI tutor. The Ruby Academy course includes 4 lessons in total.

What will I learn in “Routes and Params”?

Handling HTTP. You practise Ruby Academy with hands-on code you run directly in the browser, and a 24/7 AI tutor answers your questions as you work through the lesson.

Do I need any experience to start Ruby Academy?

No prior experience is required. Ruby Academy on CoddyKit is structured for beginners through advanced learners, so you can start here or from the beginning and move at your own pace. This is lesson 2 of 4.

How long does the “Routes and Params” lesson take?

Most CoddyKit lessons take about 5–10 minutes. Each one is bite-sized and interactive, so you make steady progress and pick up exactly where you left off across the web and the app.

Can I write and run code in this Ruby Academy lesson?

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