Stacking IFs for Multiple Outcomes

A single IF can only choose between two outcomes: the test is true, or it is false. But real data often has more than two categories. Think of letter grades A, B, C, D, F, or shipping tiers like Standard, Express, and Priority.

To handle three or more outcomes, you place one IF inside another. This is called nesting. The false branch of the first IF becomes the next decision, and so on, until every case is covered.

Every IF follows the pattern IF(test, value_if_true, value_if_false). To nest, you simply put another IF where the value_if_false goes.

Read this from left to right: if the first test passes, return its result; otherwise move on and ask the next question. The chain keeps narrowing down until one test finally matches.