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Excel Formulas Academy · Lesson

How VLOOKUP Searches a Table

Look up a value in the first column and return data from another column.

Meet VLOOKUP

VLOOKUP stands for Vertical Lookup. It searches down the first column of a table for a value you give it, then returns something from the same row in another column.

Think of a phone book: you find a name, then read across to get the number. VLOOKUP does exactly that for your spreadsheet.

The V reminds you it searches vertically (down a column). In the next scenes you will learn its four parts and use it on a real price table.

The Four Arguments

VLOOKUP takes four pieces of information, separated by commas:

  • lookup_value - what you are searching for
  • table_array - the range of cells that holds your data
  • col_index_num - which column number to return from
  • [range_lookup] - TRUE for approximate, FALSE for exact match

The square brackets mean the last argument is optional, but you should almost always set it. Here is the shape of the formula:

=VLOOKUP(lookup_value, table_array, col_index_num, [range_lookup])

All lessons in this course

  1. How VLOOKUP Searches a Table
  2. Exact vs Approximate Match
  3. Searching Across Rows With HLOOKUP
  4. Why VLOOKUP Sometimes Fails
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