المنشئات الذكية

الإنشاء الذي يتحقق من الصحة

class Age private (val value: Int)
object Age:
  def of(v: Int): Option[Age] =
    if v >= 0 then Some(new Age(v)) else None

object Main:
  def main(args: Array[String]): Unit =
    println(Age.of(30).map(_.value))

المُنشئ الخاص

class Percentage private (val value: Int)
object Percentage:
  def of(v: Int): Option[Percentage] =
    if v >= 0 && v <= 100 then Some(new Percentage(v)) else None

object Main:
  def main(args: Array[String]): Unit =
    println(Percentage.of(50).map(_.value))
    println(Percentage.of(150))

إرجاع Option

class NonEmpty private (val value: String)
object NonEmpty:
  def of(s: String): Option[NonEmpty] =
    if s.nonEmpty then Some(new NonEmpty(s)) else None

object Main:
  def main(args: Array[String]): Unit =
    println(NonEmpty.of("").map(_.value))
    println(NonEmpty.of("hi").map(_.value))

إرجاع Either لتفاصيل الخطأ

class Username private (val value: String)
object Username:
  def of(s: String): Either[String, Username] =
    if s.isEmpty then Left("empty")
    else if s.length > 10 then Left("too long")
    else Right(new Username(s))

object Main:
  def main(args: Array[String]): Unit =
    println(Username.of(""))
    println(Username.of("ada").map(_.value))

المنشئات الذكية مع case class

case class Email private (value: String)
object Email:
  def of(s: String): Option[Email] =
    if s.contains("@") then Some(Email(s)) else None

object Main:
  def main(args: Array[String]): Unit =
    println(Email.of("a@b.com"))
    println(Email.of("bad"))

تسلسل القيم المتحقق من صحتها

case class Name private (value: String)
object Name:
  def of(s: String): Option[Name] =
    if s.nonEmpty then Some(Name(s)) else None

case class Person(name: Name, age: Int)

object Main:
  def make(n: String): Option[Person] =
    for nm <- Name.of(n) yield Person(nm, 20)

  def main(args: Array[String]): Unit =
    println(Main.make("Bob"))

توحيد المدخلات

case class Tag private (value: String)
object Tag:
  def of(s: String): Option[Tag] =
    val clean = s.trim.toLowerCase
    if clean.nonEmpty then Some(Tag(clean)) else None

object Main:
  def main(args: Array[String]): Unit =
    println(Tag.of("  Scala  "))

تظل الثوابت صحيحة دائمًا

case class PositiveInt private (value: Int)
object PositiveInt:
  def of(n: Int): Option[PositiveInt] =
    if n > 0 then Some(PositiveInt(n)) else None

object Main:
  def doubleIt(p: PositiveInt): Int = p.value * 2 // always positive

  def main(args: Array[String]): Unit =
    PositiveInt.of(5).foreach(p => println(Main.doubleIt(p)))

الدمج مع الأنواع المعتمة

object Domain:
  opaque type Score = Int
  def of(n: Int): Option[Score] =
    if n >= 0 && n <= 100 then Some(n) else None
  extension (s: Score) def value: Int = s

object Main:
  def main(args: Array[String]): Unit =
    println(Domain.of(88).map(_.value))

قواعد تحقق متعددة

object Password:
  def of(s: String): Either[String, String] =
    if s.length < 8 then Left("too short")
    else if !s.exists(_.isDigit) then Left("need a digit")
    else Right(s)

object Main:
  def main(args: Array[String]): Unit =
    println(Password.of("abc"))
    println(Password.of("abcdef12"))

متى تستخدم المنشئات الذكية

case class Port private (value: Int)
object Port:
  def of(n: Int): Option[Port] =
    if n >= 1 && n <= 65535 then Some(Port(n)) else None

object Main:
  def main(args: Array[String]): Unit =
    println(Port.of(8080))
    println(Port.of(70000))

اختبار سريع

مراجعة

case class Even private (value: Int)
object Even:
  def of(n: Int): Option[Even] =
    if n % 2 == 0 then Some(Even(n)) else None

object Main:
  def main(args: Array[String]): Unit =
    println(Even.of(4))
    println(Even.of(5))