حماية المسارات باستخدام Middleware

ما هي Middleware؟

Middleware المضمّنة للمصادقة

<?php
Route::get("/dashboard", [DashboardController::class, "index"])
    ->middleware("auth");

تطبيق Middleware على المجموعات

<?php
Route::middleware(["auth", "verified"])->group(function () {
    Route::get("/dashboard", [DashboardController::class, "index"]);
    Route::get("/profile",   [ProfileController::class, "show"]);
});

Middleware المسماة guest

<?php
Route::middleware("guest")->group(function () {
    Route::get("/login",    [LoginController::class, "create"]);
    Route::get("/register", [RegisterController::class, "create"]);
});

إنشاء Middleware مخصصة

$ php artisan make:middleware EnsureSubscribed

منطق Middleware المخصصة

<?php
public function handle(Request $request, Closure $next): Response
{
    if (!$request->user()?->isSubscribed()) {
        return redirect("/subscribe");
    }
    return $next($request);
}

تسجيل Middleware

<?php
// Laravel 11+ bootstrap/app.php:
->withMiddleware(function (Middleware $m) {
    $m->alias(["subscribed" => EnsureSubscribed::class]);
})

معلمات Middleware

<?php
Route::middleware("role:admin")->group(function () {
    // ...
});
// In middleware handle():
public function handle(Request $request, Closure $next, string $role): Response

Middleware اللاحقة

<?php
public function handle(Request $request, Closure $next): Response
{
    $response = $next($request); // controller runs here
    $response->headers->set("X-App", "Laravel");
    return $response;
}

أولوية Middleware

Middleware لتحديد معدل الطلبات

<?php
Route::middleware("throttle:60,1")->group(function () {
    // 60 requests per 1 minute
});

الملخص

تحقق سريع