Policies: التفويض القائم على النماذج

ما هي Policy؟

إنشاء Policy

$ php artisan make:policy PostPolicy --model=Post

طرق Policy

<?php
class PostPolicy
{
    public function view(?User $user, Post $post): bool
    {
        return $post->is_published || $user?->id === $post->user_id;
    }

    public function update(User $user, Post $post): bool
    {
        return $user->id === $post->user_id;
    }

    public function delete(User $user, Post $post): bool
    {
        return $user->id === $post->user_id || $user->isAdmin();
    }
}

تسجيل Policies

استخدام Policies في وحدات التحكم

<?php
public function update(Request $request, Post $post): RedirectResponse
{
    $this->authorize("update", $post);
    $post->update($request->validated());
    return redirect()->route("posts.show", $post);
}

استخدام Policy في Blade

@can('update', $post)
    <a href="/posts/{{ $post->id }}/edit">Edit</a>
@endcan

الطريقة before()

<?php
public function before(User $user, string $ability): ?bool
{
    if ($user->isAdmin()) return true;
    return null; // continue to specific method
}

إجراء Create (من دون نسخة نموذج)

<?php
public function create(User $user): bool
{
    return $user->hasVerifiedEmail();
}

التحقق من Policies يدويًا

<?php
Gate::allows("update", $post);    // true/false
$user->can("update", $post);      // true/false
$user->cannot("delete", $post);   // true/false

استجابات Policy

<?php
use Illuminate\Auth\Access\Response;

public function publish(User $user, Post $post): Response
{
    return $user->isEditor()
        ? Response::allow()
        : Response::deny("Only editors can publish posts.");
}

اختبار Policies

<?php
public function test_owner_can_delete_post(): void
{
    $user = User::factory()->create();
    $post = Post::factory()->create(["user_id" => $user->id]);
    $this->assertTrue($user->can("delete", $post));
}

الملخص

تحقق سريع