prepend وحلّ الدوال

سلاسل الأسلاف

class Animal; end
class Dog < Animal; end
p Dog.ancestors

ترتيب البحث عن الأساليب

module M
  def hello; "from module"; end
end
class C
  include M
  def hello; "from class"; end
end
puts C.new.hello

يأتي include أسفل الفئة

module M; end
class C
  include M
end
p C.ancestors  # [C, M, Object, ...]

تعرّفوا على prepend

module M
  def hello; "from module"; end
end
class C
  prepend M
  def hello; "from class"; end
end
puts C.new.hello

prepend في السلسلة

module M; end
class C
  prepend M
end
p C.ancestors  # [M, C, Object, ...]

استخدام super من وحدة مسبوقة

module Logged
  def save
    puts "before save"
    result = super
    puts "after save"
    result
  end
end
class Record
  prepend Logged
  def save
    puts "saving record"
    :ok
  end
end
p Record.new.save

super في mixins

module Polite
  def greet; "Hi! " + super; end
end
class Person
  prepend Polite
  def greet; "I am here."; end
end
puts Person.new.greet

إحاطة الأساليب دون تعديلها

module Timing
  def compute(n)
    puts "start"
    super
  end
end
class Calc
  prepend Timing
  def compute(n); n * n; end
end
puts Calc.new.compute(5)

ترتيب الوحدات المتعددة

module A; def who; "A"; end; end
module B; def who; "B"; end; end
class C
  include A
  include B
end
puts C.new.who  # B wins (included last)
p C.ancestors

ملخص include وprepend

module M; end
class Inc; include M; end
class Pre; prepend M; end
p Inc.ancestors
p Pre.ancestors

تجميع المفاهيم

module Cap
  def name; super.capitalize; end
end
class User
  prepend Cap
  def name; "ada"; end
end
puts User.new.name

اختبار سريع

مراجعة

module Loud
  def speak; super.upcase; end
end
class Bot
  prepend Loud
  def speak; "beep"; end
end
puts Bot.new.speak