الجداول بوصفها قواميس

المفاتيح النصية

local user = {}
user.name = "Alice"
user["age"] = 30
user.role = "admin"

print(user.name)        -- Alice
print(user["age"])      -- 30

local field = "role"
print(user[field])      -- admin (dynamic key)

مُنشئات الجداول

local config = {
  host = "localhost",
  port = 3306,
  database = "myapp",
  debug = false,
  tags = {"web", "api"},  -- nested array
}

print(config.host)        -- localhost
print(config.port)        -- 3306
print(config.tags[1])     -- web

العد باستخدام القواميس

local words = {"lua","is","fast","lua","is","lua"}
local freq = {}

for _, w in ipairs(words) do
  freq[w] = (freq[w] or 0) + 1
end

for word, count in pairs(freq) do
  print(word, count)
end
-- lua 3, is 2, fast 1

التجميع باستخدام القواميس

local people = {
  {name="Alice", dept="eng"},
  {name="Bob",   dept="hr"},
  {name="Carol", dept="eng"},
  {name="Dave",  dept="hr"},
}
local groups = {}

for _, p in ipairs(people) do
  local d = p.dept
  groups[d] = groups[d] or {}
  groups[d][#groups[d]+1] = p.name
end

print(table.concat(groups.eng, ", "))  -- Alice, Carol

التحقق من وجود مفتاح

local cache = {result=42, mode="fast"}

if cache.result ~= nil then
  print("cached:", cache.result)  -- 42
end

-- Key not present:
if cache.timeout == nil then
  print("no timeout set")
end

-- Membership set pattern
local allowed = {admin=true, editor=true}
if allowed["admin"] then
  print("access granted")
end

حذف المفاتيح

local session = {token="abc123", user="Alice", expires=3600}
print(session.token)   -- abc123

session.token = nil
print(session.token)   -- nil (removed)

-- Count remaining keys
local count = 0
for _ in pairs(session) do count = count + 1 end
print(count)   -- 2

دمج القواميس

local defaults = {color="blue", size=12, bold=false}
local overrides = {color="red", italic=true}

local function merge(base, over)
  local result = {}
  for k, v in pairs(base) do result[k] = v end
  for k, v in pairs(over) do result[k] = v end
  return result
end

local opts = merge(defaults, overrides)
print(opts.color, opts.size, opts.italic)  -- red 12 true

أي نوع من المفاتيح

local t = {}
local function myKey() end

t["string"] = 1
t[42] = 2
t[true] = 3
t[myKey] = 4

print(t["string"])  -- 1
print(t[42])        -- 2
print(t[true])      -- 3
print(t[myKey])     -- 4

التكرار المرتب

local scores = {Alice=95, Bob=87, Carol=91, Dave=78}

local names = {}
for name in pairs(scores) do
  names[#names+1] = name
end
table.sort(names)

for _, name in ipairs(names) do
  print(name, scores[name])
end
-- Alice 95, Bob 87, Carol 91, Dave 78 (sorted)

نمط القيم الافتراضية

local defaults = {timeout=30, retries=3, verbose=false}
local config = {timeout=60}

setmetatable(config, {__index = defaults})

print(config.timeout)  -- 60  (overridden)
print(config.retries)  -- 3   (from defaults)
print(config.verbose)  -- false (from defaults)

تحقق سريع

مراجعة: الجداول بوصفها قواميس