إدخال وإخراج الملفات الثنائية

النصي مقابل الثنائي

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>

int main() {
    int value = 12345;
    std::ofstream out("v.bin", std::ios::binary);
    out.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&value), sizeof(value));
    std::cout << "wrote " << sizeof(value) << " bytes\n";
    return 0;
}

يأخذ write البايتات

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>

int main() {
    double d = 3.14;
    std::ofstream out("d.bin", std::ios::binary);
    out.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&d), sizeof(d));
    out.close();
    std::cout << "saved a double\n";
    return 0;
}

يستعيد read البايتات

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>

int main() {
    int original = 777;
    std::ofstream("i.bin", std::ios::binary).write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&original), sizeof(original));
    int loaded = 0;
    std::ifstream in("i.bin", std::ios::binary);
    in.read(reinterpret_cast<char*>(&loaded), sizeof(loaded));
    std::cout << loaded << '\n';
    return 0;
}

كتابة بنية POD

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>

struct Record { int id; double balance; };

int main() {
    Record r{1, 99.5};
    std::ofstream out("rec.bin", std::ios::binary);
    out.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&r), sizeof(r));
    std::cout << "struct saved\n";
    return 0;
}

إعادة قراءة البنية

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>

struct Record { int id; double balance; };

int main() {
    Record w{42, 250.0};
    std::ofstream("r2.bin", std::ios::binary).write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&w), sizeof(w));
    Record r{};
    std::ifstream in("r2.bin", std::ios::binary);
    in.read(reinterpret_cast<char*>(&r), sizeof(r));
    std::cout << r.id << ' ' << r.balance << '\n';
    return 0;
}

كتابة مصفوفة

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>

int main() {
    int arr[5] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
    std::ofstream out("arr.bin", std::ios::binary);
    out.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(arr), sizeof(arr));
    std::cout << "wrote " << sizeof(arr) << " bytes\n";
    return 0;
}

إعادة قراءة المصفوفة

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>

int main() {
    int src[5] = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50};
    std::ofstream("a2.bin", std::ios::binary).write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(src), sizeof(src));
    int dst[5] = {};
    std::ifstream in("a2.bin", std::ios::binary);
    in.read(reinterpret_cast<char*>(dst), sizeof(dst));
    for (int x : dst) std::cout << x << ' ';
    std::cout << '\n';
    return 0;
}

تحديد مواضع القراءة والكتابة

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>

int main() {
    int data[3] = {100, 200, 300};
    std::ofstream("seek.bin", std::ios::binary).write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(data), sizeof(data));
    std::ifstream in("seek.bin", std::ios::binary);
    in.seekg(sizeof(int)); // skip to second int
    int second; in.read(reinterpret_cast<char*>(&second), sizeof(second));
    std::cout << second << '\n';
    return 0;
}

معرفة الموضع

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>

int main() {
    int data[4] = {1, 2, 3, 4};
    std::ofstream("tell.bin", std::ios::binary).write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(data), sizeof(data));
    std::ifstream in("tell.bin", std::ios::binary);
    in.seekg(0, std::ios::end);
    std::cout << "file size: " << in.tellg() << " bytes\n";
    return 0;
}

لماذا لا نستخدم المؤشرات؟

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <string>

int main() {
    std::string s = "hello";
    std::ofstream out("str.bin", std::ios::binary);
    std::size_t len = s.size();
    out.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&len), sizeof(len));
    out.write(s.data(), len); // write the chars, not the object
    std::cout << "serialized " << len << " chars\n";
    return 0;
}

ملاحظات حول قابلية النقل

#include <iostream>
#include <cstdint>

int main() {
    std::int32_t fixed = 1; // fixed-width type for portability
    std::cout << "sizeof int32_t = " << sizeof(fixed) << '\n';
    return 0;
}

اختبار سريع

خلاصة