كتابة مفوّض ReadWriteProperty مخصص

واجهة ReadWriteProperty

import kotlin.properties.ReadWriteProperty
import kotlin.reflect.KProperty
class SimpleDelegate<T>(private var value: T) : ReadWriteProperty<Any?, T> {
    override fun getValue(thisRef: Any?, property: KProperty<*>): T = value
    override fun setValue(thisRef: Any?, property: KProperty<*>, value: T) {
        this.value = value
    }
}
var x: Int by SimpleDelegate(0)
fun main() { x = 42; println(x) }

ReadOnlyProperty للنوع val

import kotlin.properties.ReadOnlyProperty
import kotlin.reflect.KProperty
class Constant<T>(private val value: T) : ReadOnlyProperty<Any?, T> {
    override fun getValue(thisRef: Any?, property: KProperty<*>): T = value
}
val pi: Double by Constant(3.14159)
fun main() { println(pi) }

استخدام thisRef للسياق

import kotlin.properties.ReadWriteProperty
import kotlin.reflect.KProperty
class LoggingDelegate<T>(private var v: T) : ReadWriteProperty<Any?, T> {
    override fun getValue(thisRef: Any?, property: KProperty<*>): T {
        println("[${thisRef?.javaClass?.simpleName}] get ${property.name} = $v")
        return v
    }
    override fun setValue(thisRef: Any?, property: KProperty<*>, value: T) {
        println("[${thisRef?.javaClass?.simpleName}] set ${property.name} = $value")
        v = value
    }
}
class Config { var host: String by LoggingDelegate("localhost") }
fun main() { val c = Config(); c.host = "prod.example.com"; println(c.host) }

مفوّض رقمي مقيّد بحدود

import kotlin.properties.ReadWriteProperty
import kotlin.reflect.KProperty
class Clamped(private val min: Int, private val max: Int, initial: Int) : ReadWriteProperty<Any?, Int> {
    private var v = initial.coerceIn(min, max)
    override fun getValue(t: Any?, p: KProperty<*>) = v
    override fun setValue(t: Any?, p: KProperty<*>, value: Int) {
        v = value.coerceIn(min, max)
    }
}
var brightness: Int by Clamped(0, 255, 128)
fun main() {
    brightness = 300; println(brightness) // 255
    brightness = -5;  println(brightness) // 0
    brightness = 100; println(brightness) // 100
}

مفوّض ذاكرة مؤقتة يقبل null

import kotlin.properties.ReadWriteProperty
import kotlin.reflect.KProperty
class CachedNullable<T>(private val compute: () -> T) : ReadWriteProperty<Any?, T?> {
    private var cache: T? = null
    override fun getValue(t: Any?, p: KProperty<*>): T? = cache ?: compute().also { cache = it }
    override fun setValue(t: Any?, p: KProperty<*>, value: T?) { cache = value }
}
var expensiveResult: Int? by CachedNullable { (1..1000).sum() }
fun main() {
    println(expensiveResult) // computed
    println(expensiveResult) // cached
    expensiveResult = null
    println(expensiveResult) // recomputed
}

مفوّض آمن لمؤشرات الترابط باستخدام @Synchronized

import kotlin.properties.ReadWriteProperty
import kotlin.reflect.KProperty
class SynchronizedDelegate<T>(private var v: T) : ReadWriteProperty<Any?, T> {
    @Synchronized
    override fun getValue(t: Any?, p: KProperty<*>) = v
    @Synchronized
    override fun setValue(t: Any?, p: KProperty<*>, value: T) { v = value }
}
var counter: Int by SynchronizedDelegate(0)
fun main() { counter = 99; println(counter) }

نمط دالة مصنع المفوّض

import kotlin.properties.ReadWriteProperty
import kotlin.reflect.KProperty
fun <T> logged(initial: T): ReadWriteProperty<Any?, T> = object : ReadWriteProperty<Any?, T> {
    var v = initial
    override fun getValue(t: Any?, p: KProperty<*>): T { println("get ${p.name}"); return v }
    override fun setValue(t: Any?, p: KProperty<*>, value: T) { println("set ${p.name}=$value"); v = value }
}
var name: String by logged("world")
fun main() { println(name); name = "Kotlin" }

مفوّض مع بيانات KProperty الوصفية

import kotlin.properties.ReadWriteProperty
import kotlin.reflect.KProperty
class AuditDelegate<T>(private var v: T) : ReadWriteProperty<Any?, T> {
    private val history = mutableListOf<String>()
    override fun getValue(t: Any?, p: KProperty<*>) = v
    override fun setValue(t: Any?, p: KProperty<*>, value: T) {
        history.add("${p.name}: $v -> $value")
        v = value
    }
    fun printHistory() = history.forEach(::println)
}
var status: String by AuditDelegate("idle").also { /* expose audit */ }

عامل provideDelegate

import kotlin.properties.ReadOnlyProperty
import kotlin.reflect.KProperty
class ValidatedDelegate<T>(private val v: T) {
    operator fun provideDelegate(t: Any?, p: KProperty<*>): ReadOnlyProperty<Any?, T> {
        require(p.name.isNotBlank()) { "Property name must not be blank" }
        return ReadOnlyProperty { _, _ -> v }
    }
}
val greeting: String by ValidatedDelegate("Hello")
fun main() { println(greeting) }

مقارنة الأساليب

// Built-in: simple change notification
import kotlin.properties.Delegates
var simple: Int by Delegates.observable(0) { _,_,v -> println("changed: $v") }
// Custom: clamping + logging
var complex: Int by run {
    object : kotlin.properties.ReadWriteProperty<Any?,Int> {
        var v = 0
        override fun getValue(t:Any?,p:kotlin.reflect.KProperty<*>)=v
        override fun setValue(t:Any?,p:kotlin.reflect.KProperty<*>,value:Int){
            println("clamping $value"); v=value.coerceIn(0,100)
        }
    }
}
fun main() { simple=5; complex=200; println(complex) }

تطبيقي: مفوِّض SharedPreferences

// Pseudocode (no Android runtime here)
class PrefDelegate(private val key: String, private val default: String) {
    // In real Android code:
    // override fun getValue(...) = prefs.getString(key, default) ?: default
    // override fun setValue(...) { prefs.edit().putString(key, value).apply() }
    fun getValue(): String = default // simplified
}
fun main() {
    val delegate = PrefDelegate("user_name", "Guest")
    println(delegate.getValue())
}

اختبار سريع

مراجعة