مفوّضا observable وvetoable

مراجعة مفوّضي الخصائص

import kotlin.properties.Delegates
var name: String by Delegates.observable("initial") { prop, old, new ->
    println("${prop.name}: $old -> $new")
}
fun main() { name = "Alice"; name = "Bob" }

صياغة observable

import kotlin.properties.Delegates
var score: Int by Delegates.observable(0) { _, old, new ->
    println("Score changed from $old to $new")
}
fun main() {
    score = 10
    score = 25
    score = 0
}

تشغيل تحديثات واجهة المستخدم

import kotlin.properties.Delegates
class ViewModel {
    var title: String by Delegates.observable("Loading") { _, _, new ->
        println("Render: $new") // pretend this updates UI
    }
}
fun main() {
    val vm = ViewModel()
    vm.title = "Home"
    vm.title = "Settings"
}

صياغة vetoable

import kotlin.properties.Delegates
var age: Int by Delegates.vetoable(0) { _, old, new ->
    new >= 0 // reject negative ages
}
fun main() {
    age = 25; println(age)  // 25
    age = -1; println(age)  // 25 (rejected)
    age = 30; println(age)  // 30
}

دمج التحقق مع vetoable

import kotlin.properties.Delegates
var email: String by Delegates.vetoable("") { _, _, new ->
    new.contains("@")
}
fun main() {
    email = "user@example.com"; println(email) // set
    email = "invalid";          println(email) // still previous
}

تسجيل التغييرات باستخدام observable

import kotlin.properties.Delegates
val log = mutableListOf<String>()
var status: String by Delegates.observable("IDLE") { _, old, new ->
    log.add("$old -> $new")
}
fun main() {
    status = "RUNNING"
    status = "DONE"
    println(log)
}

استخدام observable داخل فئة

import kotlin.properties.Delegates
class Counter {
    var count: Int by Delegates.observable(0) { _, old, new ->
        if (new > old) println("Incremented to $new")
        else println("Decremented to $new")
    }
}
fun main() {
    val c = Counter()
    c.count = 5
    c.count = 3
}

استخدام vetoable لفرض قيد نطاق

import kotlin.properties.Delegates
var volume: Int by Delegates.vetoable(50) { _, _, new ->
    new in 0..100
}
fun main() {
    volume = 80;  println(volume) // 80
    volume = 150; println(volume) // 80 (rejected)
    volume = 0;   println(volume) // 0
}

سلاسل المفوّضات

import kotlin.properties.ReadWriteProperty
import kotlin.reflect.KProperty
class LoggedDelegate<T>(initial: T) : ReadWriteProperty<Any?, T> {
    private var value: T = initial
    override fun getValue(t: Any?, p: KProperty<*>) = value
    override fun setValue(t: Any?, p: KProperty<*>, v: T) {
        println("Setting ${p.name} = $v"); value = v
    }
}
var x: Int by LoggedDelegate(0)
fun main() { x = 10; x = 20 }

ملاحظة حول أمان مؤشرات الترابط

import kotlin.properties.Delegates
// Not thread-safe as-is:
var sharedState: String by Delegates.observable("start") { _, old, new ->
    println("$old -> $new")
}
// In coroutines, wrap access with Mutex if needed

نمط عملي: التحقق من صحة النموذج

import kotlin.properties.Delegates
data class Form(
    var username: String = "",
    var password: String = ""
) {
    var validUsername: String by Delegates.vetoable("") { _,_,v -> v.length >= 3 }
    var validPassword: String by Delegates.vetoable("") { _,_,v -> v.length >= 8 }
}
fun main() {
    val f = Form()
    f.validUsername = "ab";       println(f.validUsername) // ""
    f.validUsername = "alice";    println(f.validUsername) // "alice"
    f.validPassword = "short";    println(f.validPassword) // ""
    f.validPassword = "secure123";println(f.validPassword) // "secure123"
}

اختبار سريع

مراجعة