عنصر source للتنسيقات المتعددة

لماذا نستخدم تنسيقات متعددة؟

العنصر source داخل audio

<audio controls>
  <!-- Browser picks the first format it supports: -->
  <source src="podcast.opus" type="audio/ogg; codecs=opus">
  <source src="podcast.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs=vorbis">
  <source src="podcast.mp3" type="audio/mpeg">
  <!-- Fallback text if none supported: -->
  <p>Download: <a href="podcast.mp3">podcast.mp3</a></p>
</audio>

العنصر source داخل video

<video controls width="1280" height="720" poster="thumbnail.jpg">
  <source src="tutorial.webm" type="video/webm">
  <source src="tutorial.mp4" type="video/mp4">
  <p>Your browser doesn't support HTML5 video.
     <a href="tutorial.mp4">Download the video</a></p>
</video>

سمة type في source

<!-- Full MIME type with codec parameter: -->
<source src="video.webm" type="video/webm; codecs=vp9,vorbis">
<source src="video.mp4" type="video/mp4; codecs=avc1.42E01E,mp4a.40.2">
<source src="audio.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs=vorbis">

<!-- Simplified (browser may need to probe): -->
<source src="video.webm" type="video/webm">
<source src="video.mp4" type="video/mp4">

كيفية عمل اختيار source

سمة media في source

<video controls>
  <!-- Mobile: smaller file -->
  <source
    src="video-480.mp4"
    type="video/mp4"
    media="(max-width: 768px)"
  >
  <!-- Desktop: full quality -->
  <source
    src="video-1080.mp4"
    type="video/mp4"
  >
</video>

ترتيب التنسيقات الموصى به

<video controls>
  <!-- AV1 in WebM: best compression, modern browsers -->
  <source src="video.av1.mp4" type="video/mp4; codecs=av01">

  <!-- VP9 in WebM: Chrome/Firefox/Edge -->
  <source src="video.webm" type="video/webm">

  <!-- H.264 in MP4: universal fallback -->
  <source src="video.mp4" type="video/mp4">
</video>

توصيات تنسيقات الصوت

فيديو متجاوب باستخدام srcset

<video controls poster="thumbnail.jpg">
  <source
    src="video-720.webm"
    type="video/webm"
    media="(min-width: 1024px)"
  >
  <source
    src="video-360.webm"
    type="video/webm"
  >
  <source src="video-720.mp4" type="video/mp4" media="(min-width: 1024px)">
  <source src="video-360.mp4" type="video/mp4">
</video>

التحقق باستخدام canPlayType

const video = document.createElement('video');

console.log(video.canPlayType('video/webm; codecs=vp9'));
// '' = no, 'maybe' = possibly, 'probably' = likely yes

console.log(video.canPlayType('video/mp4; codecs=avc1.42E01E'));
// 'probably' on most modern browsers

المحتوى الاحتياطي

<video controls width="800" height="450">
  <source src="demo.webm" type="video/webm">
  <source src="demo.mp4" type="video/mp4">

  <!-- Fallback for browsers without video support: -->
  <p>
    Your browser does not support HTML5 video.
    <a href="demo.mp4">Download the video</a> instead.
  </p>
</video>

تحقق سريع

خلاصة: عنصر source