لمحة عن LINQ: ‏Where وSelect وOrderBy وTake/Skip؛ التنفيذ المؤجل

نظرة عامة على LINQ

Where + Select

using System;
using System.Linq;

public class Program
{
  public static void Main(string[] args)
  {
    int[] data = new int[] { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 };

    // Filter even numbers, then square them
    var query = data.Where(x => x % 2 == 0)
                    .Select(x => x * x);

    foreach (int n in query)
    {
      Console.WriteLine(n); // 4, 16, 36
    }
  }
}

OrderBy + Take

using System;
using System.Linq;

public class Program
{
  public static void Main(string[] args)
  {
    string[] names = new string[] { "Zoe", "Ada", "Alan", "Bob" };

    var top2 = names.OrderBy(s => s.Length) // shortest first
                    .ThenBy(s => s)         // tie-breaker
                    .Take(2);

    foreach (string s in top2)
    {
      Console.WriteLine(s); // Ada, Bob
    }
  }
}

الإسقاط (النوع المجهول)

using System;
using System.Linq;

public class Program
{
  public static void Main(string[] args)
  {
    string[] words = new string[] { "map", "filter", "reduce" };

    var info = words.Select(w => new { Word = w, Length = w.Length });

    foreach (var x in info)
    {
      Console.WriteLine(x.Word + " (" + x.Length + ")");
    }
  }
}

التنفيذ المؤجل

using System;
using System.Linq;
using System.Collections.Generic;

public class Program
{
  public static void Main(string[] args)
  {
    List<int> numbers = new List<int> { 1, 2, 3 };

    var q = numbers.Where(x => x > 1); // not executed yet

    numbers.Add(4); // modify source before enumeration

    foreach (int x in q) // executes here
    {
      Console.WriteLine(x); // 2, 3, 4
    }
  }
}

تحويل النتائج والصياغة

using System;
using System.Linq;

public class Program
{
  public static void Main(string[] args)
  {
    int[] data = new int[] { 3, 1, 2 };

    // Method syntax + materialize
    var sorted = data.OrderBy(x => x).ToList(); // executes now
    data[0] = 100; // will not affect 'sorted' (already materialized)

    foreach (int n in sorted) { Console.WriteLine(n); } // 1,2,3

    // Query syntax (equivalent)
    var query =
      from x in data
      where x < 50
      select x * 2;

    foreach (int n in query) { Console.WriteLine(n); } // 2,4
  }
}

معنى التنفيذ المؤجل

خلاصة