تعريف Extension Methods

ما المقصود بالأسلوب الامتدادي؟

المتطلبات الثلاثة

using System;

public static class StringExtensions
{
    public static int WordCount(this string text)
    {
        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(text)) return 0;
        return text.Split(new[] { ' ' }, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries).Length;
    }
}

public class Program
{
    public static void Main()
    {
        string sentence = "the quick brown fox";
        Console.WriteLine(sentence.WordCount());
    }
}

استدعاؤه مثل أسلوب المثيل

using System;
using System.Linq;

public static class StringExtensions
{
    public static string Repeat(this string text, int times)
    {
        return string.Concat(Enumerable.Repeat(text, times));
    }
}

public class Program
{
    public static void Main()
    {
        // These two lines do exactly the same thing
        Console.WriteLine("ab".Repeat(3));
        Console.WriteLine(StringExtensions.Repeat("ab", 3));
    }
}

يستقبل معامل this المثيل

using System;

public static class IntExtensions
{
    public static bool IsBetween(this int value, int low, int high)
    {
        return value >= low && value <= high;
    }
}

public class Program
{
    public static void Main()
    {
        int age = 25;
        Console.WriteLine(age.IsBetween(18, 65));
        Console.WriteLine(10.IsBetween(1, 5));
    }
}

توسيع الأنواع الخاصة بكم

using System;

public class Money
{
    public decimal Amount { get; }
    public Money(decimal amount) { Amount = amount; }
}

public static class MoneyExtensions
{
    public static string ToUsd(this Money m) => "$" + m.Amount.ToString("0.00");
}

public class Program
{
    public static void Main()
    {
        var price = new Money(19.5m);
        Console.WriteLine(price.ToUsd());
    }
}

لا تصل الأساليب الامتدادية إلى الأعضاء الخاصة

using System;

public class Counter
{
    private int _count;
    public int Value => _count;
    public void Increment() => _count++;
}

public static class CounterExtensions
{
    // Can only use public members like Value and Increment
    public static bool IsZero(this Counter c) => c.Value == 0;
}

public class Program
{
    public static void Main()
    {
        var c = new Counter();
        Console.WriteLine(c.IsZero());
        c.Increment();
        Console.WriteLine(c.IsZero());
    }
}

تسلسل الأساليب الامتدادية

using System;

public static class TextExtensions
{
    public static string Shout(this string s) => s.ToUpper();
    public static string Bang(this string s) => s + "!";
}

public class Program
{
    public static void Main()
    {
        string result = "hello".Shout().Bang();
        Console.WriteLine(result);
    }
}

null والأساليب الامتدادية

using System;

public static class StringExtensions
{
    public static bool IsBlank(this string text)
    {
        // text may be null here, and that is fine
        return string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(text);
    }
}

public class Program
{
    public static void Main()
    {
        string nothing = null;
        Console.WriteLine(nothing.IsBlank());
        Console.WriteLine("x".IsBlank());
    }
}

تتقدم أساليب المثيل على الأساليب الامتدادية

using System;

public static class Ext
{
    // This will be ignored because string already has ToString()
    public static string ToString(this string s, int n) => s + n;
}

public class Program
{
    public static void Main()
    {
        // Resolves to the built-in instance ToString(), not the extension
        Console.WriteLine("value: " + "abc".ToString());
    }
}

مكتبة مساعدة عملية

using System;

public static class NumberExtensions
{
    public static bool IsEven(this int n) => n % 2 == 0;
    public static int Squared(this int n) => n * n;
    public static double Percent(this int n) => n / 100.0;
}

public class Program
{
    public static void Main()
    {
        Console.WriteLine(4.IsEven());
        Console.WriteLine(5.Squared());
        Console.WriteLine(50.Percent());
    }
}

جرّبوا بأنفسكم

using System;

public static class StringExtensions
{
    public static string Capitalize(this string s)
        => string.IsNullOrEmpty(s) ? s : char.ToUpper(s[0]) + s.Substring(1);
    public static string Surround(this string s, char c) => c + s + c;
}

public class Program
{
    public static void Main()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("hello".Capitalize().Surround('*'));
    }
}

اختبار سريع

مراجعة