عمليات CRUD باستخدام EF Core

نظرة عامة على CRUD في EF Core

الإنشاء: إضافة كيان جديد

var order = new Order
{
    CustomerId = 5,
    PlacedAt   = DateTime.UtcNow,
    Status     = OrderStatus.Pending
};

await _db.Orders.AddAsync(order);
await _db.SaveChangesAsync();

Console.WriteLine(order.Id); // populated by DB

إضافة مجموعة من الكيانات المرتبطة

var order = new Order
{
    CustomerId = 5,
    PlacedAt   = DateTime.UtcNow,
    Lines      = new List<OrderLine>
    {
        new() { ProductId = 10, Quantity = 2, Price = 49.99m },
        new() { ProductId = 11, Quantity = 1, Price = 19.99m }
    }
};

_db.Orders.Add(order);
await _db.SaveChangesAsync();
// Inserts Order + 2 OrderLines in one transaction

القراءة: الاستعلام باستخدام LINQ

// Read all pending orders for a customer
var orders = await _db.Orders
    .Where(o => o.CustomerId == 5 && o.Status == OrderStatus.Pending)
    .OrderByDescending(o => o.PlacedAt)
    .Select(o => new OrderSummaryDto
    {
        Id     = o.Id,
        Total  = o.Lines.Sum(l => l.Quantity * l.Price),
        Status = o.Status.ToString()
    })
    .ToListAsync();

القراءة: البحث عن كيان واحد

// By PK (checks cache first)
var order = await _db.Orders.FindAsync(orderId);

// By predicate (always hits DB)
var latest = await _db.Orders
    .Where(o => o.CustomerId == 5)
    .OrderByDescending(o => o.PlacedAt)
    .FirstOrDefaultAsync();

التحديث: تتبّع التغييرات

var order = await _db.Orders.FindAsync(orderId);
if (order is null) return;

order.Status   = OrderStatus.Shipped;
order.ShippedAt = DateTime.UtcNow;

await _db.SaveChangesAsync();
// UPDATE Orders SET Status=..., ShippedAt=... WHERE Id=orderId

التحديث: تحديث دفعي (EF Core 7 والإصدارات الأحدث)

// Mark all overdue orders as Cancelled — no loading needed
await _db.Orders
    .Where(o => o.Status == OrderStatus.Pending
             && o.PlacedAt < DateTime.UtcNow.AddDays(-30))
    .ExecuteUpdateAsync(set => set
        .SetProperty(o => o.Status, OrderStatus.Cancelled)
        .SetProperty(o => o.UpdatedAt, DateTime.UtcNow));

الحذف: إزالة كيان واحد

var order = await _db.Orders.FindAsync(orderId);
if (order is null) return;

_db.Orders.Remove(order);
await _db.SaveChangesAsync();
// DELETE FROM Orders WHERE Id=orderId

الحذف: حذف دفعي (EF Core 7 والإصدارات الأحدث)

// Delete all cancelled orders older than 1 year
int deleted = await _db.Orders
    .Where(o => o.Status == OrderStatus.Cancelled
             && o.PlacedAt < DateTime.UtcNow.AddYears(-1))
    .ExecuteDeleteAsync();

Console.WriteLine($"Deleted {deleted} old orders");

المعاملات

using var transaction = await _db.Database.BeginTransactionAsync();
try
{
    _db.Orders.Add(newOrder);
    await _db.SaveChangesAsync();

    inventory.Stock -= newOrder.Quantity;
    await _db.SaveChangesAsync();

    await transaction.CommitAsync();
}
catch
{
    await transaction.RollbackAsync();
    throw;
}

تطبيق عملي: خدمة CRUD كاملة

public async Task<OrderDto> CreateOrderAsync(CreateOrderRequest req)
{
    var order = new Order { CustomerId = req.CustomerId, PlacedAt = DateTime.UtcNow };
    _db.Orders.Add(order);
    await _db.SaveChangesAsync();
    return new OrderDto { Id = order.Id, Status = order.Status.ToString() };
}

public async Task<bool> CancelOrderAsync(int id)
{
    int rows = await _db.Orders
        .Where(o => o.Id == id && o.Status == OrderStatus.Pending)
        .ExecuteUpdateAsync(s =>
            s.SetProperty(o => o.Status, OrderStatus.Cancelled));
    return rows > 0;
}

اختبار سريع

مراجعة: عمليات CRUD باستخدام EF Core