مقدمة إلى المُنشئات

ما المُنشئ؟

تعريف مُنشئ

using System;

class Car {
    public string Color;

    // Constructor
    public Car() {
        Color = "Red"; // Initialize the Color attribute
    }
}

class Program {
    static void Main() {
        Car myCar = new Car(); // Constructor is automatically called
        Console.WriteLine("Car color: " + myCar.Color); // Outputs: Car color: Red
    }
}

المُنشئات ذات المعلمات

using System;

class Car {
    public string Color;

    // Parameterized Constructor
    public Car(string color) {
        Color = color; // Initialize Color with the passed value
    }
}

class Program {
    static void Main() {
        Car myCar = new Car("Blue"); // Pass "Blue" to the constructor
        Console.WriteLine("Car color: " + myCar.Color); // Outputs: Car color: Blue
    }
}

المُنشئات الافتراضية

using System;

class Car {
    public string Color; // Default value is null
}

class Program {
    static void Main() {
        Car myCar = new Car(); // Default constructor is automatically called
        Console.WriteLine("Car color: " + (myCar.Color ?? "Not set")); // Outputs: Car color: Not set
    }
}

التحميل الزائد للمُنشئات

using System;

class Car {
    public string Color;

    // Default Constructor
    public Car() {
        Color = "Red";
    }

    // Parameterized Constructor
    public Car(string color) {
        Color = color;
    }
}

class Program {
    static void Main() {
        Car defaultCar = new Car(); // Calls the default constructor
        Console.WriteLine("Default car color: " + defaultCar.Color); // Outputs: Default car color: Red

        Car customCar = new Car("Green"); // Calls the parameterized constructor
        Console.WriteLine("Custom car color: " + customCar.Color); // Outputs: Custom car color: Green
    }
}

تحدٍّ تدريبي

using System;

class Book {
    public string Title;

    // Default Constructor
    public Book() {
        Title = "Unknown";
    }

    // Parameterized Constructor
    public Book(string title) {
        Title = title;
    }
}

class Program {
    static void Main() {
        Book defaultBook = new Book();
        Console.WriteLine("Default book title: " + defaultBook.Title); // Outputs: Default book title: Unknown

        Book customBook = new Book("C# Programming");
        Console.WriteLine("Custom book title: " + customBook.Title); // Outputs: Custom book title: C# Programming
    }
}

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