التغليف وفك التغليف

ما المقصود بـ Boxing؟

using System;

class Program
{
    static void Main()
    {
        int n = 5;
        object o = n;   // boxing
        Console.WriteLine("Boxed value: " + o);
    }
}

متى يحدث Boxing؟

using System;

class Program
{
    static void Main()
    {
        double d = 3.14;
        object boxed = d;   // boxing copies d into a heap object
        Console.WriteLine(boxed);
    }
}

ما المقصود بـ Unboxing؟

using System;

class Program
{
    static void Main()
    {
        object o = 42;        // boxing
        int n = (int)o;        // unboxing
        Console.WriteLine("Unboxed: " + n);
    }
}

يتطلب Unboxing النوع الصحيح

using System;

class Program
{
    static void Main()
    {
        object o = 100;
        try
        {
            long wrong = (long)o;   // InvalidCastException at runtime
            Console.WriteLine(wrong);
        }
        catch (InvalidCastException)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Must unbox to int, not long");
        }
    }
}

ينشئ Boxing نسخة

using System;

class Program
{
    static void Main()
    {
        int n = 1;
        object o = n;   // box copies 1
        n = 99;
        Console.WriteLine("original=" + n + ", boxed=" + o);
    }
}

تكلفة Boxing

using System;

class Program
{
    static void Main()
    {
        // Each iteration boxes an int -> many heap allocations
        object sumBox = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
        {
            int current = (int)sumBox + i;
            sumBox = current;   // box again
        }
        Console.WriteLine("Result: " + sumBox);
    }
}

تجنّب Boxing باستخدام Generics

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

class Program
{
    static void Main()
    {
        var list = new List<int>();   // no boxing
        list.Add(1);
        list.Add(2);
        int first = list[0];           // no unboxing
        Console.WriteLine("First: " + first);
    }
}

Boxing مع الواجهات

using System;

class Program
{
    static void Main()
    {
        int n = 7;
        IComparable c = n;   // boxing to interface
        Console.WriteLine(c.CompareTo(10));
    }
}

اكتشاف الأنواع المغلّفة

using System;

class Program
{
    static void Main()
    {
        object o = 3.5;
        if (o is double d)
            Console.WriteLine("It is a double: " + d);
        else
            Console.WriteLine("Not a double");
    }
}

Boxing عند دمج السلاسل النصية

using System;

class Program
{
    static void Main()
    {
        int count = 3;
        string msg = "Count is " + count;   // count is converted
        Console.WriteLine(msg);
    }
}

جمع المفاهيم

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

class Program
{
    static void Main()
    {
        object boxed = 256;
        if (boxed is int value)
            Console.WriteLine("Safely unboxed: " + value);

        var noBox = new List<int> { 1, 2, 3 };
        Console.WriteLine("Generic count: " + noBox.Count);
    }
}

اختبار سريع

مراجعة

using System;

class Program
{
    static void Main()
    {
        object boxed = 42;     // box
        int n = (int)boxed;     // unbox
        Console.WriteLine(n);
    }
}