الخصائص المُطبَّقة تلقائيًا

ما الخاصية؟

using System;

class Program
{
    public string Name { get; set; }

    static void Main()
    {
        var p = new Program();
        p.Name = "Coddy";
        Console.WriteLine(p.Name);
    }
}

صياغة التنفيذ التلقائي

using System;

class Person
{
    public string FirstName { get; set; }
    public int Age { get; set; }
}

class Program
{
    static void Main()
    {
        var person = new Person { FirstName = "Ada", Age = 36 };
        Console.WriteLine(person.FirstName + " is " + person.Age);
    }
}

لماذا نستخدم الخصائص بدلًا من الحقول؟

using System;

class Account
{
    public decimal Balance { get; set; }
}

class Program
{
    static void Main()
    {
        var a = new Account();
        a.Balance = 100.50m;
        Console.WriteLine("Balance: " + a.Balance);
    }
}

الخصائص التلقائية للقراءة فقط

using System;

class Circle
{
    public double Radius { get; }

    public Circle(double radius)
    {
        Radius = radius;
    }
}

class Program
{
    static void Main()
    {
        var c = new Circle(5.0);
        Console.WriteLine("Radius: " + c.Radius);
    }
}

القيم الافتراضية للخصائص

using System;

class Settings
{
    public bool DarkMode { get; set; } = true;
    public int Volume { get; set; } = 50;
}

class Program
{
    static void Main()
    {
        var s = new Settings();
        Console.WriteLine("DarkMode: " + s.DarkMode + ", Volume: " + s.Volume);
    }
}

دوال الإسناد الخاصة

using System;

class Counter
{
    public int Count { get; private set; }

    public void Increment()
    {
        Count++;
    }
}

class Program
{
    static void Main()
    {
        var counter = new Counter();
        counter.Increment();
        counter.Increment();
        Console.WriteLine("Count: " + counter.Count);
    }
}

دوال الإسناد التي تُنفّذ مرة واحدة

using System;

class Product
{
    public string Name { get; init; }
    public decimal Price { get; init; }
}

class Program
{
    static void Main()
    {
        var p = new Product { Name = "Book", Price = 12.99m };
        Console.WriteLine(p.Name + ": " + p.Price);
    }
}

الخصائص بمستويات وصول مختلفة

using System;

class User
{
    public string Id { get; private set; }

    public User(string id)
    {
        Id = id;
    }
}

class Program
{
    static void Main()
    {
        var u = new User("u-001");
        Console.WriteLine("User Id: " + u.Id);
    }
}

الخصائص التلقائية الشبيهة بالمحسوبة

using System;

class Rectangle
{
    public double Width { get; set; }
    public double Height { get; set; }
}

class Program
{
    static void Main()
    {
        var r = new Rectangle { Width = 4, Height = 3 };
        double area = r.Width * r.Height;
        Console.WriteLine("Area: " + area);
    }
}

تحديث الخصائص التلقائية

using System;

class Player
{
    public int Score { get; set; }
}

class Program
{
    static void Main()
    {
        var player = new Player();
        player.Score = 10;
        player.Score += 5;
        player.Score *= 2;
        Console.WriteLine("Score: " + player.Score);
    }
}

جمع العناصر معًا

using System;

class BankAccount
{
    public string Owner { get; init; }
    public decimal Balance { get; private set; }

    public void Deposit(decimal amount)
    {
        Balance += amount;
    }
}

class Program
{
    static void Main()
    {
        var acct = new BankAccount { Owner = "Lin" };
        acct.Deposit(250m);
        Console.WriteLine(acct.Owner + ": " + acct.Balance);
    }
}

تحقق سريع

مراجعة

using System;

class Demo
{
    public string A { get; set; } = "settable";
    public string B { get; } = "read-only";
    public string C { get; init; } = "init-only";
}

class Program
{
    static void Main()
    {
        var d = new Demo { C = "changed-at-init" };
        Console.WriteLine(d.A + ", " + d.B + ", " + d.C);
    }
}