اختبار الوحدات باستخدام JUnit

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أنواع اختبارات Android

إعداد JUnit 4

// app/build.gradle:
dependencies {
    testImplementation 'junit:junit:4.13.2'
    testImplementation 'org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-coroutines-test:1.7.3'
    testImplementation 'androidx.arch.core:core-testing:2.2.0'  // for LiveData
}

أول اختبار JUnit لك

import org.junit.Test
import org.junit.Assert.*

class CalculatorTest {

    private val calc = Calculator()

    @Test
    fun `addition returns correct sum`() {
        val result = calc.add(2, 3)
        assertEquals(5, result)
    }

    @Test
    fun `division by zero throws exception`() {
        assertThrows(ArithmeticException::class.java) {
            calc.divide(10, 0)
        }
    }
}

@Before و@After

class UserRepositoryTest {

    private lateinit var repo: UserRepository
    private lateinit var fakeDao: FakeUserDao

    @Before
    fun setUp() {
        fakeDao = FakeUserDao()          // fresh instance before each test
        repo = UserRepository(fakeDao)
    }

    @After
    fun tearDown() {
        fakeDao.clear()                  // clean up after each test
    }

    @Test
    fun `getUsers returns all users`() {
        fakeDao.insert(User(1, "Alice"))
        fakeDao.insert(User(2, "Bob"))
        assertEquals(2, repo.getUsers().size)
    }
}

التأكيدات الشائعة

// Equality:
assertEquals(expected, actual)
assertNotEquals(unexpected, actual)

// Null:
assertNull(value)
assertNotNull(value)

// Boolean:
assertTrue(condition)
assertFalse(condition)

// Same object reference:
assertSame(expected, actual)

// Custom message on failure:
assertEquals("User ID should be 1", 1, user.id)

// Exception:
assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException::class.java) {
    User(id = -1, name = "")
}

اختبار ViewModel

class UserViewModelTest {

    @get:Rule
    val instantTaskRule = InstantTaskExecutorRule()

    private val fakeRepo = FakeUserRepository()
    private lateinit var viewModel: UserViewModel

    @Before
    fun setUp() {
        viewModel = UserViewModel(fakeRepo)
    }

    @Test
    fun `users are loaded on init`() {
        fakeRepo.usersToReturn = listOf(User(1, "Alice"), User(2, "Bob"))
        viewModel.loadUsers()

        val result = viewModel.users.value
        assertNotNull(result)
        assertEquals(2, result?.size)
    }
}

اختبار Coroutines

class SyncWorkerTest {

    @get:Rule
    val instantTaskRule = InstantTaskExecutorRule()

    private val testDispatcher = StandardTestDispatcher()

    @Before
    fun setUp() {
        Dispatchers.setMain(testDispatcher)
    }

    @After
    fun tearDown() {
        Dispatchers.resetMain()
    }

    @Test
    fun `sync completes successfully`() = runTest {
        val repo = FakeRepository()
        val worker = SyncUseCase(repo, testDispatcher)
        val result = worker.run()
        assertTrue(result.isSuccess)
    }
}

Fake أم Mock

كتابة Fake

interface UserDao {
    fun getAll(): List<User>
    fun insert(user: User)
}

class FakeUserDao : UserDao {
    private val storage = mutableListOf<User>()

    override fun getAll(): List<User> = storage.toList()
    override fun insert(user: User) { storage.add(user) }

    fun clear() { storage.clear() }
}

اصطلاح تسمية الاختبارات

تحقق سريع

مراجعة: اختبار الوحدات باستخدام JUnit