مجموعات Kotlin

نظرة عامة على المجموعات

القوائم: listOf مقابل mutableListOf

fun main() {
    // Immutable — cannot add/remove items
    val fruits = listOf("Apple", "Banana", "Cherry")
    println(fruits[0])       // Apple
    println(fruits.size)     // 3

    // Mutable — can modify
    val scores = mutableListOf(10, 20, 30)
    scores.add(40)
    scores.removeAt(0)       // remove index 0
    println(scores)          // [20, 30, 40]
}

Map: أزواج المفتاح والقيمة

fun main() {
    val capitals = mapOf(
        "Turkey" to "Ankara",
        "Germany" to "Berlin",
        "Japan" to "Tokyo"
    )

    println(capitals["Turkey"])      // Ankara
    println(capitals["France"])      // null (not found)
    println(capitals.getOrDefault("France", "Unknown")) // Unknown

    // Iterate
    for ((country, city) in capitals) {
        println("$country -> $city")
    }
}

filter — تحديد العناصر

fun main() {
    val numbers = listOf(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8)

    val evens = numbers.filter { it % 2 == 0 }
    println(evens)   // [2, 4, 6, 8]

    val names = listOf("Alice", "Bob", "Anna", "Charlie")
    val aNames = names.filter { it.startsWith("A") }
    println(aNames)  // [Alice, Anna]
}

map — تحويل العناصر

fun main() {
    val prices = listOf(10.0, 20.0, 30.0)

    // Apply 10% tax
    val withTax = prices.map { it * 1.1 }
    println(withTax)  // [11.0, 22.0, 33.0]

    val names = listOf("alice", "bob", "carol")
    val upper = names.map { it.uppercase() }
    println(upper)    // [ALICE, BOB, CAROL]
}

sortedBy وsortedByDescending

data class Student(val name: String, val grade: Int)

fun main() {
    val students = listOf(
        Student("Alice", 88),
        Student("Bob", 95),
        Student("Carol", 72)
    )

    val byGrade = students.sortedByDescending { it.grade }
    for (s in byGrade) println("${s.name}: ${s.grade}")
    // Bob: 95
    // Alice: 88
    // Carol: 72
}

forEach وfind

تسلسل العمليات

data class Product(val name: String, val price: Double, val inStock: Boolean)

fun main() {
    val products = listOf(
        Product("Laptop", 999.0, true),
        Product("Mouse", 29.0, false),
        Product("Keyboard", 79.0, true),
        Product("Monitor", 349.0, true)
    )

    // In-stock products under $500, sorted by price
    val result = products
        .filter { it.inStock && it.price < 500 }
        .sortedBy { it.price }
        .map { "${it.name}: ${it.price}" }

    result.forEach { println(it) }
}

any وall وcount

اختبار سريع

مراجعة: مجموعات Kotlin