تفضيلات DataStore

لماذا DataStore؟

نوعا DataStore

إضافة التبعية

// app/build.gradle
dependencies {
    implementation 'androidx.datastore:datastore-preferences:1.1.1'
    // Coroutines (likely already in your project)
    implementation 'org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-coroutines-android:1.7.3'
}

إنشاء مثيل DataStore

import android.content.Context
import androidx.datastore.core.DataStore
import androidx.datastore.preferences.core.Preferences
import androidx.datastore.preferences.preferencesDataStore

// Top-level property — creates a single DataStore instance per Context
val Context.dataStore: DataStore<Preferences> by preferencesDataStore(name = "user_prefs")

تعريف المفاتيح

import androidx.datastore.preferences.core.booleanPreferencesKey
import androidx.datastore.preferences.core.intPreferencesKey
import androidx.datastore.preferences.core.stringPreferencesKey

object PreferencesKeys {
    val DARK_MODE    = booleanPreferencesKey("dark_mode")
    val USER_NAME    = stringPreferencesKey("user_name")
    val LAUNCH_COUNT = intPreferencesKey("launch_count")
}

كتابة البيانات

import androidx.datastore.preferences.core.edit

// In a ViewModel or Repository:
suspend fun saveDarkMode(enabled: Boolean) {
    context.dataStore.edit { prefs ->
        prefs[PreferencesKeys.DARK_MODE] = enabled
    }
}

suspend fun incrementLaunchCount() {
    context.dataStore.edit { prefs ->
        val current = prefs[PreferencesKeys.LAUNCH_COUNT] ?: 0
        prefs[PreferencesKeys.LAUNCH_COUNT] = current + 1
    }
}

قراءة البيانات باستخدام Flow

import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.Flow
import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.map

val darkModeFlow: Flow<Boolean> = context.dataStore.data
    .map { prefs ->
        prefs[PreferencesKeys.DARK_MODE] ?: false  // default = false
    }

val userNameFlow: Flow<String> = context.dataStore.data
    .map { prefs ->
        prefs[PreferencesKeys.USER_NAME] ?: "Guest"
    }

جمع البيانات في ViewModel

class SettingsViewModel(private val repo: SettingsRepository) : ViewModel() {

    val isDarkMode: StateFlow<Boolean> = repo.darkModeFlow
        .stateIn(
            scope = viewModelScope,
            started = SharingStarted.WhileSubscribed(5000),
            initialValue = false
        )

    fun toggleDarkMode(enabled: Boolean) {
        viewModelScope.launch {
            repo.saveDarkMode(enabled)
        }
    }
}

المراقبة في Activity/Fragment

// In Fragment:
lifecycleScope.launch {
    viewLifecycleOwner.repeatOnLifecycle(Lifecycle.State.STARTED) {
        viewModel.isDarkMode.collect { darkMode ->
            binding.switchDarkMode.isChecked = darkMode
            AppCompatDelegate.setDefaultNightMode(
                if (darkMode) AppCompatDelegate.MODE_NIGHT_YES
                else AppCompatDelegate.MODE_NIGHT_FOLLOW_SYSTEM
            )
        }
    }
}

معالجة الأخطاء

import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.catch
import java.io.IOException

val safeFlow: Flow<Boolean> = context.dataStore.data
    .catch { exception ->
        if (exception is IOException) {
            emit(emptyPreferences())   // return defaults
        } else {
            throw exception
        }
    }
    .map { prefs ->
        prefs[PreferencesKeys.DARK_MODE] ?: false
    }

مقارنة DataStore وSharedPreferences

تحقق سريع

مراجعة: Preferences DataStore