Google Lighthouse 入门

Welcome to the world of web performance! Our first stop is Google Lighthouse. It's an open-source, automated tool designed to improve the quality of your web pages.

Think of it as your personal web auditor, giving you insights and recommendations to make your site better.

Why is Lighthouse so important?

• Identify Issues: It helps you find common problems that slow down your website or hinder user experience.
• Actionable Advice: Instead of just pointing out issues, it provides clear, practical advice on how to fix them.
• Improve Quality: By following its recommendations, you can enhance performance, accessibility, SEO, and more.

Lighthouse performs audits across five key categories to give you a comprehensive overview of your web page's quality:

• Performance: How fast your page loads and responds.
• Accessibility: How easily users with disabilities can interact with your page.
• Best Practices: Ensures your site follows modern web development standards.
• SEO: Checks for common search engine optimization issues.
• Progressive Web App (PWA): Assesses if your site meets PWA criteria for a reliable, fast, and engaging experience.

When you run an audit, Lighthouse simulates a user visiting your page. It does this in a controlled environment to ensure consistent results.

It then runs a series of tests, collects performance metrics, and analyzes the page's structure and content against best practices. Finally, it compiles all this into an easy-to-understand report.

The easiest and most common way to run Lighthouse is directly within your web browser, specifically in Google Chrome's Developer Tools (often called DevTools).

It's built right in, so there's no installation needed to get started!

Ready to try it out? Here's how you'd typically run an audit in Chrome DevTools:

1. Open your website in Chrome.
2. Right-click anywhere on the page and select 'Inspect' (or use F12 / Cmd+Option+I).
3. Go to the 'Lighthouse' tab within DevTools.
4. Select the categories you want to audit (e.g., Performance, SEO).
5. Click 'Analyze page load'.

Lighthouse will then run its tests and generate a report for you!

Once the audit is complete, Lighthouse presents a detailed report. At the top, you'll see a score for each category (Performance, Accessibility, etc.) from 0 to 100.

A higher score means better quality in that area. Below the scores, you'll find sections like 'Opportunities' and 'Diagnostics', which provide specific recommendations.

While all categories are important, the Performance score is often the first thing people look at. It's a combined score based on several key metrics that measure how quickly and smoothly your page loads and becomes interactive.

Aim for scores above 90 for a great user experience!

The real power of Lighthouse lies in its actionable recommendations. For each issue identified, it suggests specific improvements you can make.

For example, if your images are too large, Lighthouse might suggest 'Serve images in next-gen formats' or 'Efficiently encode images'. These insights guide your optimization efforts.

Which of the following are among the five core audit categories Google Lighthouse evaluates for a web page?

Great job! You've just been introduced to Google Lighthouse, a powerful tool for analyzing and improving your web pages.

We learned that Lighthouse audits Performance, Accessibility, Best Practices, SEO, and PWA, providing actionable advice. The easiest way to run it is directly in Chrome DevTools. Next, we'll dive deeper into running your first audit and understanding the scoring system!