Web Accessibility Academy · 课时

菜单、菜单栏与菜单按钮

使用正确的角色和按键实现应用菜单。

菜单、菜单栏与菜单按钮 是 CoddyKit 上的免费 Web Accessibility Academy 课时。这是第 3 节课，共 4 节。你可以在下方免费阅读本课时的完整内容 — 然后在浏览器中使用内置代码编辑器和全天候 AI 导师进行实践。这是 Web Accessibility Academy 学习路径的一部分，你的进度在网页和 CoddyKit 应用中同步。 Web Accessibility Academy 课程共包含 4 节课。

本课时的部分内容尚未翻译，以英文显示。

What ARIA Menus Are

An ARIA menu is an app-style list of commands, like the File or Edit menus in desktop software, not your site's main navigation. 🍔

Not for Site Navigation

Page links belong in a nav with normal anchors. Use the menu role only for true command sets, or you will confuse screen reader users.

Three Core Roles

The pattern uses role="menu" for the container, role="menuitem" for each command, and role="menubar" for a horizontal always-visible bar.

<ul role="menu">
  <li role="menuitem">Cut</li>
  <li role="menuitem">Copy</li>
</ul>

The Menu Button

A menu button is a real button that opens a menu. Give it aria-haspopup="true" so users know a popup is coming.

<button aria-haspopup="true"
  aria-expanded="false">Actions</button>

Track Open State

The menu button toggles aria-expanded between true and false as its menu opens and closes, just like any disclosure control.

Move Focus on Open

When the menu opens, move focus into it, onto the first menu item. The button no longer holds focus while the menu is active.

Arrow Keys Inside

Inside a vertical menu, Up and Down Arrow move between items. In a menubar, Left and Right Arrow move along the top-level bar.

Roving tabindex

Only one menu item is in the tab order at a time. With roving tabindex, the focused item has tabindex 0 and the rest have -1.

Activate and Close

Enter or Space runs the focused command and closes the menu. The menu should dismiss itself after a command is chosen.

Escape Returns Focus

Escape closes the menu without acting and sends focus back to the menu button, so the user lands exactly where they started.

Submenus Need More

A flyout submenu uses aria-haspopup on its parent menuitem, and Right Arrow opens it while Left Arrow closes it and returns.

Quick Check

You add a button that opens a list of commands. What signals to assistive tech that a menu will appear?

Recap

Menus are for commands, not page links: open with a haspopup button, move focus in, navigate with arrows and roving tabindex, and let Escape return focus. ✅

常见问题解答

「菜单、菜单栏与菜单按钮」课时是免费的吗？

是的 — 「菜单、菜单栏与菜单按钮」的完整文本可在网页上免费阅读。要进行交互式练习（内置代码编辑器和全天候 AI 导师）并解锁 Web Accessibility Academy 课程的其余内容，请升级到 CoddyKit PRO。 Web Accessibility Academy 课程共包含 4 节课。

「菜单、菜单栏与菜单按钮」这节课中我会学到什么？

使用正确的角色和按键实现应用菜单。你通过在浏览器中直接运行的动手代码来练习 Web Accessibility Academy，全天候 AI 导师会在你学习这节课的过程中回答你的问题。

学习 Web Accessibility Academy 需要有经验吗？

无需任何先前经验。CoddyKit 上的 Web Accessibility Academy 课程适合初学者到高级学习者，你可以从这里开始或从头开始，按照自己的节奏学习。这是第 3 节课，共 4 节。

「菜单、菜单栏与菜单按钮」课时需要多长时间？

大多数 CoddyKit 课程大约需要 5–10 分钟。每节课都很精短且互动，所以你能稳步进步，并在网页和应用中从离开的地方继续。

我能在这节 Web Accessibility Academy 课中编写并运行代码吗？

能。每节 Web Accessibility Academy 课都包含内置代码编辑器，你可以在浏览器中直接编写并运行真实代码，并获得即时 AI 反馈 — 无需本地设置。

此课程中的所有课时

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