SwiftUI Academy · 课时

设计 ViewModel

为一个屏幕构建 @Observable 视图模型。

设计 ViewModel 是 CoddyKit 上的免费 SwiftUI Academy 课时。这是第 2 节课，共 4 节。你可以在下方免费阅读本课时的完整内容 — 然后在浏览器中使用内置代码编辑器和全天候 AI 导师进行实践。这是 SwiftUI Academy 学习路径的一部分，你的进度在网页和 CoddyKit 应用中同步。 SwiftUI Academy 课程共包含 4 节课。

本课时的部分内容尚未翻译，以英文显示。

A ViewModel Is Just a Class

A ViewModel is usually a class that holds the state and logic for one screen. Using a class lets several views share the same live instance.

class ProfileViewModel {
    var name: String = ""
}

Make It Observable

Add the @Observable macro so SwiftUI tracks property changes and re-renders the view automatically when state updates.

@Observable
class ProfileViewModel {
    var name = ""
}

Expose View-Ready State

Give the ViewModel properties the view can read directly, like a formatted greeting, so the view never does its own string building.

var greeting: String {
    "Hi, " + name
}

Hold the Loading Flag

Track UI status inside the ViewModel. A simple isLoading boolean lets the view decide when to show a spinner versus content.

var isLoading = false

Keep Intent in Methods

Expose actions as methods like load() or save(). The view calls them on tap; the ViewModel decides exactly what happens.

func load() {
    isLoading = true
}

Name Properties for the UI

Name state after what the screen shows, like buttonTitle or rows, not after raw data. This keeps the view almost declarative.

Hide the Messy Details

Parsing, math, and edge cases belong inside the ViewModel. The view should see clean values and never touch the rough work.

One ViewModel per Screen

Give each screen its own focused ViewModel. A small, single-purpose model is far easier to read, reason about, and test.

Start Empty, Then Fill

Initialize the ViewModel with sensible empty defaults, then populate it when data arrives. The view shows a calm empty state meanwhile.

Avoid View Code Inside

Never import view types or layout code into a ViewModel. Keeping it UI-free is what makes it portable and easy to unit test. ✨

A Complete Small Example

This tiny ViewModel exposes a count and a method to change it, giving the view everything it needs in two clear members.

@Observable
class CounterViewModel {
    var count = 0
    func increment() { count += 1 }
}

Quick Check

Which macro makes a ViewModel class trigger SwiftUI updates?

Recap: Designing a ViewModel

You built an @Observable class that exposes view-ready state and intent methods while hiding the messy details. Next you will bind views to it.

常见问题解答

「设计 ViewModel」课时是免费的吗？

是的 — 「设计 ViewModel」的完整文本可在网页上免费阅读。要进行交互式练习（内置代码编辑器和全天候 AI 导师）并解锁 SwiftUI Academy 课程的其余内容，请升级到 CoddyKit PRO。 SwiftUI Academy 课程共包含 4 节课。

「设计 ViewModel」这节课中我会学到什么？

为一个屏幕构建 @Observable 视图模型。你通过在浏览器中直接运行的动手代码来练习 SwiftUI Academy，全天候 AI 导师会在你学习这节课的过程中回答你的问题。

学习 SwiftUI Academy 需要有经验吗？

无需任何先前经验。CoddyKit 上的 SwiftUI Academy 课程适合初学者到高级学习者，你可以从这里开始或从头开始，按照自己的节奏学习。这是第 2 节课，共 4 节。

「设计 ViewModel」课时需要多长时间？

大多数 CoddyKit 课程大约需要 5–10 分钟。每节课都很精短且互动，所以你能稳步进步，并在网页和应用中从离开的地方继续。

我能在这节 SwiftUI Academy 课中编写并运行代码吗？

能。每节 SwiftUI Academy 课都包含内置代码编辑器，你可以在浏览器中直接编写并运行真实代码，并获得即时 AI 反馈 — 无需本地设置。

此课程中的所有课时

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