提升状态

The Problem: Siblings Need Shared State

// PROBLEM: SearchInput holds state that ResultsList needs
// but siblings can't communicate directly

function SearchInput() {
  const [query, setQuery] = useState(''); // stuck here
  return <TextInput value={query} onChangeText={setQuery} />;
}

function ResultsList() {
  // How do we access 'query' from the sibling? We can't!
  return <FlatList data={/* needs query */} />;
}

Lifting State to the Common Ancestor

import { useState } from 'react';
import { View, TextInput, Text } from 'react-native';

// Parent owns the shared state
export default function SearchScreen() {
  const [query, setQuery] = useState('');
  const results = ITEMS.filter(item =>
    item.toLowerCase().includes(query.toLowerCase())
  );

  return (
    <View style={{ flex: 1, padding: 16 }}>
      <SearchInput query={query} onQueryChange={setQuery} />
      <ResultsList results={results} />
    </View>
  );
}

const ITEMS = ['Apple', 'Banana', 'Blueberry', 'Cherry', 'Avocado'];

Writing the Child Components

import { TextInput, FlatList, Text, View, StyleSheet } from 'react-native';

// Controlled: receives value and updater as props
function SearchInput({ query, onQueryChange }) {
  return (
    <TextInput
      value={query}
      onChangeText={onQueryChange}
      placeholder='Search...'
      style={styles.input}
    />
  );
}

// Pure display: receives filtered data as prop
function ResultsList({ results }) {
  return (
    <FlatList
      data={results}
      keyExtractor={item => item}
      renderItem={({ item }) => (
        <Text style={styles.item}>{item}</Text>
      )}
    />
  );
}

const styles = StyleSheet.create({
  input: { borderWidth: 1, borderColor: '#ccc', borderRadius: 8, padding: 12, marginBottom: 12 },
  item: { padding: 12, borderBottomWidth: 1, borderBottomColor: '#eee' },
});

Finding the Nearest Common Ancestor

// Component tree:
// App
// └── TabBar (selected tab)
//     ├── HomeTab
//     │   └── Feed
//     └── ProfileTab
//
// If 'selected tab' is needed by TabBar AND by Feed to filter content,
// lift it to TabBar (nearest common ancestor of both).
// DO NOT lift all the way to App unnecessarily.

function TabBar() {
  const [activeTab, setActiveTab] = useState('home');
  return (
    <View>
      <TabButtons activeTab={activeTab} onChange={setActiveTab} />
      {activeTab === 'home' ? <HomeTab /> : <ProfileTab />}
    </View>
  );
}

Multiple Siblings Sharing State

import { useState } from 'react';
import { View } from 'react-native';

const VARIANTS = ['Red / S', 'Red / M', 'Blue / S', 'Blue / M'];

export default function ProductDetailScreen() {
  const [selectedVariant, setSelectedVariant] = useState(VARIANTS[0]);

  return (
    <View style={{ flex: 1 }}>
      <ImageGallery variant={selectedVariant} />
      <VariantPicker
        variants={VARIANTS}
        selected={selectedVariant}
        onSelect={setSelectedVariant}
      />
      <AddToCartButton variant={selectedVariant} />
    </View>
  );
}

Callback Props vs. Shared State

import { useState } from 'react';
import { View } from 'react-native';

export default function ShopScreen() {
  const [cartCount, setCartCount] = useState(0);

  function addToCart(item) {
    // Business logic lives in the parent
    setCartCount(prev => prev + 1);
    console.log('Added:', item.name);
  }

  return (
    <View style={{ flex: 1 }}>
      {/* Sibling 1: displays count from parent state */}
      <ShopHeader cartCount={cartCount} />
      {/* Sibling 2: triggers parent state update */}
      <ProductList onAddToCart={addToCart} />
    </View>
  );
}

When Lifting State Becomes Prop Drilling

// When prop drilling gets too deep, switch to Context
// Instead of:
function App() {
  const [user, setUser] = useState(null);
  return <Nav user={user}>   // not used
    <Drawer user={user}>     // not used
      <Screen user={user}>  // not used
        <ProfileCard user={user} />  // finally used
      </Screen>
    </Drawer>
  </Nav>;
}

// Use Context:
const UserContext = React.createContext(null);
function App() {
  const [user, setUser] = useState(null);
  return (
    <UserContext.Provider value={user}>
      <Nav><Drawer><Screen><ProfileCard /></Screen></Drawer></Nav>
    </UserContext.Provider>
  );
}

Practical Example: Temperature Converter

import { useState } from 'react';
import { View, Text, TextInput, StyleSheet } from 'react-native';

function TempInput({ label, value, onChangeText }) {
  return (
    <View style={styles.row}>
      <Text style={styles.label}>{label}</Text>
      <TextInput
        value={value}
        onChangeText={onChangeText}
        keyboardType='decimal-pad'
        style={styles.input}
      />
    </View>
  );
}

export default function TemperatureConverter() {
  const [celsius, setCelsius] = useState('');

  const fahrenheit = celsius !== '' ? (parseFloat(celsius) * 9/5 + 32).toFixed(1) : '';

  function handleFahrenheitChange(f) {
    const c = f !== '' ? ((parseFloat(f) - 32) * 5/9).toFixed(1) : '';
    setCelsius(c);
  }

  return (
    <View style={{ padding: 24 }}>
      <TempInput label='Celsius' value={celsius} onChangeText={setCelsius} />
      <TempInput label='Fahrenheit' value={fahrenheit} onChangeText={handleFahrenheitChange} />
    </View>
  );
}

const styles = StyleSheet.create({
  row: { flexDirection: 'row', alignItems: 'center', marginBottom: 12 },
  label: { width: 100, fontSize: 16 },
  input: { flex: 1, borderWidth: 1, borderColor: '#ccc', borderRadius: 8, padding: 10 },
});

Collocate State Close to Where It's Used

// Local state: Accordion open/close is private to Accordion
function Accordion({ title, children }) {
  const [open, setOpen] = useState(false); // stays local — parent doesn't care
  return (
    <View>
      <TouchableOpacity onPress={() => setOpen(prev => !prev)}>
        <Text>{title} {open ? '▲' : '▼'}</Text>
      </TouchableOpacity>
      {open && <View style={{ paddingLeft: 16 }}>{children}</View>}
    </View>
  );
}

// Only lift open state to parent IF the parent needs to:
// - Know which accordion is open to close others
// - Save/restore the open state on navigation
// Otherwise, keep it local!

Uncontrolled vs. Controlled Components

import { TextInput, useRef } from 'react-native';

// Uncontrolled: parent reads value on demand via ref
function UncontrolledInput({ inputRef }) {
  return (
    <TextInput
      ref={inputRef}
      // No value prop: TextInput manages its own text
      defaultValue='Initial text'
    />
  );
}

// Parent reads the value when the form is submitted:
function Form() {
  const inputRef = useRef(null);
  function handleSubmit() {
    // Use _lastNativeText (not recommended) or store value in ref.current
    console.log('Value:', inputRef.current?.props?.value);
  }
}

Real-World: Filter and Results Panel

import { useState, useEffect } from 'react';
import { View } from 'react-native';

export default function SearchScreen() {
  // All filter state lifted here
  const [query, setQuery] = useState('');
  const [category, setCategory] = useState('all');
  const [sortBy, setSortBy] = useState('relevance');
  const [results, setResults] = useState([]);

  // Fetch results whenever any filter changes
  useEffect(() => {
    fetchResults({ query, category, sortBy }).then(setResults);
  }, [query, category, sortBy]);

  return (
    <View style={{ flex: 1 }}>
      <FilterBar
        query={query} onQueryChange={setQuery}
        category={category} onCategoryChange={setCategory}
        sortBy={sortBy} onSortChange={setSortBy}
      />
      <ResultsList results={results} />
    </View>
  );
}

Quick Check

Lesson Recap